[PDF] Development Of Obesity Induced Inflammation And Insulin Resistance eBook

Author : Tsuguhito Ota
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 121 pages
File Size : 40,79 MB
Release : 2015-03-26
Category : Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology
ISBN : 2889194280

GET BOOK

Immune response and metabolic regulation are highly integrated and this interface maintains a central homeostatic system, dysfunction of which can cause obesity-associated metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance is an underlying basis for the pathogenesis of these metabolic diseases. Overnutrition or obesity activates the innate immune system with subsequent recruitment of immune cells such as macrophages and T cells, which contributes to the development of insulin resistance. In particular, a significant advance in our understanding of obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance has been recognition of the critical role of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs). ATMs are a prominent source of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-a and IL-6, that can block insulin action in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver autocrine/paracrine signaling and cause systemic insulin resistance via endocrine signaling, providing a potential link between inflammation and insulin resistance. All articles in this topic highlight the interconnection between obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance in all its diversity to the mechanisms of obesity-induced inflammation and role of immune system in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and diabetes.

Author : Todd Leff
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 530 pages
File Size : 22,50 MB
Release : 2010-03-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783527629534

GET BOOK

This timely and most comprehensive reference available on the topic covers all the different aspects vital in the fight against the global obesity epidemic. Following a look at adipose tissue development and morphology, the authors go on to examine its metabolic and endocrine functions and its role in disease. The final section deals with comparative and evolutionary aspects of the tissue. The result is an essential resource for cell and molecular biologists, physiologists, biochemists, pharmacologists, and those working in the pharmaceutical industry.

Author : Carsten Carlberg
Publisher : Springer
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 31,59 MB
Release : 2016-06-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 3319304151

GET BOOK

The fascinating area of Nutrigenomics describes this daily communication between diet, food and nutrients, their metabolites and our genome. This book describes how nutrition shapes human evolution and demonstrates its consequences for our susceptibility to diseases, such as diabetes and atherosclerosis. Inappropriate diet can yield stress for our cells, tissues and organs and then it is often associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. Overnutrition paired with physical inactivity leads to overweight and obesity and results in increased burden for a body that originally was adapted for a life in the savannas of East Africa. Therefore, this textbook does not discuss a theoretical topic in science, but it talks about real life, and our life-long “chat” with diet. We are all food consumers, thus each of us is concerned by the topic of this book and should be aware of its mechanisms. The purpose of this book is to provide an overview on the principles of nutrigenomics and their relation to health or disease. We are not aiming to compete with more comprehensive textbooks on molecular nutrition, evolutionary biology, genomics, gene regulation or metabolic diseases, but rather will focus on the essentials and will combine, in a compact form, elements from different disciplines. In order to facilitate the latter, we favor a high figure-to-text ratio following the rule “a picture tells more than thousand words”. The content of this book is based on the lecture course “Nutrigenomics”, which is held since 2003 once per year by Prof. Carlberg at the University of Eastern Finland in Kuopio. The book is subdivided into three sections and twelve chapters. Following the "Introduction" there are sections on the "Molecular genetic basis" and the "Links to disease", which take a view on nutrigenomics from the perspective of molecular mechanisms or from the causes of metabolic diseases, respectively. Besides its value as a textbook, Nutrigenomics will be a usefull reference for individuals working in biomedicine.

Author : Alexander Robert Red Eagle
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 49,79 MB
Release : 2011
Category :
ISBN :

GET BOOK

Obesity is recognized as a state of chronic inflammation associated with the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Macrophages play an important role in this process by homing to adipose tissue and perpetuating this inflammatory state. In the setting of obesity, there is a recruitment of "classically activated, " or inflammatory macrophages. However, macrophages are present throughout the body in important metabolic organs such as adipose tissue and the liver before the development of obesity. Resident tissue macrophages in these metabolic organs reside in a state of "alternative activation, " an anti-inflammatory activation state driven by the Interleukin-4/STAT6 signaling pathway. Alternatively activated macrophages activated by the IL-4/STAT6 axis rely on fatty acid metabolism to drive their metabolic demand. Peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptors, or PPARs are fatty acid sensors that drive metabolic processes in a variety of tissues. In the first two chapters, we demonstrate that PPAR[lowercase Gamma] and PPAR[lowercase Delta] are required for alternative macrophage activation in adipose tissue macrophages and Kupffer cells of the liver respectively. Absence of either transcription factor in macrophages leads to the development of obesity induced insulin resistance. Macrophage co-culture experiments with adipocytes or hepatocytes demonstrate the important metabolic impact that PPAR[lowercase Gamma] and PPAR[lowercase Delta] play in macrophages from these two tissues. The IL-4/STAT6 axis also plays an important role in metabolic tissues as well as tissue macrophages. In the final chapter, we demonstrate that IL-4 is capable of activating STAT6 is the liver. We demonstrate that IL-4 acts through STAT6 to repress the transcriptional activity of PPAR[Alpha] in the liver and improves insulin sensitivity in the setting of obesity. Induction of an inflammatory response producing IL-4 also leads to an improvement in insulin sensitivity, indicating that not all inflammation is deleterious to insulin signaling. Together, these results demonstrate that the IL-4/STAT6 signaling pathway plays an important role in both the immune system and metabolic tissues to improve insulin sensitivity.

Author : Dimiter Avtanski
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 13,9 MB
Release : 2023-09-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3031397215

GET BOOK

Obesity is a worldwide epidemic that affects half a billion people. It has been estimated that, if current trends continue, by 2050, 60% of men and 50% of women worldwide will be obese. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of white adipose tissue caused by overweight and obesity lead to a chronic inflammatory state, which results in impaired insulin sensitivity and the development of diabetes. Currently, the number of people affected by diabetes globally exceeds 400 million (rising more rapidly in low- and middle-income countries). In 2019, diabetes was the ninth leading cause of mortality, with an estimated 1.5 million direct deaths. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the relationship between inflammation, obesity, and diabetes. It focuses on the pathogenesis and biological mechanisms of obesity, the interaction between adipose tissue and the immune system, the role of genetic and environmental factors, the progression of cardiovascular complications, and the association of obesity and inflammation with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, as well as gestational diabetes. This volume also includes practical recommendations for preventing and managing these conditions using both lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions. Written by experts in the field, Obesity, Diabetes and Inflammation: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Management addresses the role of inflammation in both obesity and diabetes, its effect on vascular and non-vascular pathologies, oxidative stress, genetics, and epigenetics. This text aims to be a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and students of medicine at all levels.

Author : Naveed Sattar
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 44,72 MB
Release : 2009-04-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1444312707

GET BOOK

Obesity is a hugely expensive and increasing problem worldwide,leading to disability, reproductive problems, depression andaccelerated metabolic and vascular diseases in a large proportionof men, women and children. The ABC of Obesity is a newguide which will aid its effective management, addressing issuessuch as dieting, exercise, self esteem, drug treatment and surgery.Recent evidence is used to highlight frequent problems, successfultreatment options, and the most common causes. Written by leading experts, this is a widely accessible text andan indispensable guide for all general practitioners, juniordoctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals who areinvolved in the treatment and research of this commoncondition.

Author : Paramjit S. Tappia
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 420 pages
File Size : 19,39 MB
Release : 2021-12-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3030847632

GET BOOK

Global health has been challenged with the dawning of the era of the obesity epidemic, and thus as a consequence, strategies to reduce obesity have become public health priorities. According to the United Nations, obesity has been identified as a concern for achieving Sustainable Development Goals. Obesity is a serious health problem with an increased risk of several common diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Although the fundamental cause of obesity and overweight is an imbalance between calorie intake and calorie expenditure, the underlying biochemical and metabolic processes that cause obesity are not fully understood. Two earlier volumes dedicated to the subject of obesity, published in the series “Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease” focused on the pathophysiology of obesity-induced health complications and the biochemistry of cardiovascular dysfunction in obesity. This book brings together contributions from international experts in the field to describe advancements on the mechanisms leading to development of obesity and related complications. There are 21 chapters in two different parts in this book, comprising of Part I: Pathophysiologic Mechanisms of Obesity (11 chapters) and Part II: Therapeutic Mechanisms of Obesity (10 chapters). This book will serve as a resource and be of interest to health professionals, medical students, fellows, residents and graduate students. It will also evoke innovative research and effective approaches for the prevention of obesity. This volume will accentuate that obesity is a major health hazard in its own right and that appropriate public health measures should be implemented to prevent or reduce or even reverse the impact of this global chronic disease.

Author : Colleen Croniger
Publisher : IntechOpen
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 27,37 MB
Release : 2011-09-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789533075983

GET BOOK

Adipocytes are important in the body for maintaining proper energy balance by storing excess energy as triglycerides. However, efforts of the last decade have identified several molecules that are secreted from adipocytes, such as leptin, which are involved in signaling between tissues and organs. These adipokines are important in overall regulation of energy metabolism and can regulate body composition as well as glucose homeostasis. Excess lipid storage in tissues other than adipose can result in development of diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this book we review the role of adipocytes in development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and NAFLD. Because type 2 diabetes has been suggested to be a disease of inflammation we included several chapters on the mechanism of inflammation modulating organ injury. Finally, we conclude with a review on exercise and nutrient regulation for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and its co-morbidities.

Author : Jean-Marc Cavaillon
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 1818 pages
File Size : 23,91 MB
Release : 2018-02-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3527338993

GET BOOK

Dieses Fachbuch erläutert die molekularen Grundlagen von Entzündungen, spannt den Bogen zu Infektionskrankheiten und den Zusammenhang zwischen Entzündungen und chronischen Erkrankungen, behandelt abschließend den Heilungsprozess und zeigt Therapiemöglichkeiten.