[PDF] Cytokine Knockouts eBook

Author : Scott K. Durum
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 498 pages
File Size : 26,42 MB
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1475727534

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My personal history in the field of cytokines had an initial period of several years during which my student and then colleague, Werner Muller, tried in vain to attract me to them. My interest always vanished when I was confronted with complex data pointing to func tional redundancy of cytokines in cell culture systems. When gene targeting in the mouse germline became possible, this frustration came to an end. We and others immediately embarked on analyzing the in vivo function of cytokines and the problem of functional redundancy with this powerful new approach. The early cytokine gene knockouts performed by colleagues in Wiirzburg (IL-2) and by ourselves (IL-4 and IL-l 0) seemed to give clear answers and at the same time led to surprises: Each of these cytokines apparently had its own special and irreplaceable function, and this function could be quite distinct from what had been anticipated from functional experiments in vitro. Al though the latter finding is of course a wonderful incentive for fur ther research, the former is pleasing in a general sense since it highlights the value of each of those one hundred thousand genes or so in our genome, cherished by evolution to become respectable mem bers of the community. Even in the present era of "genomics" there will be no way around the careful functional analysis of each gene by itself.

Author : Giamila Fantuzzi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 472 pages
File Size : 48,95 MB
Release : 2003-07-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1592594050

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Carrying on the high standards of the much praised first edition (Durum and Muegge, Cytokine Knockouts, 1998), Giamila Fantuzzi and a panel of experts have generated completely new chapters to reflect the use of many novel mouse strains and the hundreds of recent studies on cytokine physiology. Comprehensive reviews of the numerous often-surprising results obtained using cytokine knockout mice are provided, along with much important information about cytokine biology and physiology. For those not familiar with cytokine research, the authors present a critical discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of using cytokine knockout mice in various fields of research.

Author : Chaim O. Jacob
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 16,60 MB
Release : 1994-08-12
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN :

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The intricate ways in which they act, often with the exhibition of pleiotropic or synergistic effects, make the study of cytokine biology complicated, and the results potentially ambiguous using conventional systems. As a consequence, many investigators are now utilizing the powerful tools of transgenic technology to address some of these questions.

Author : L.R. Watkins
Publisher : Springer
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 21,34 MB
Release : 2013-03-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3034887493

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Within the past few years, it has become recognized that the immune system communicates to the brain. Substances released from activated immune cells (cytokines) stimulate peripheral nerves, thereby signaling the brain and spinal cord that infection/inflammation has occurred. Additionally, peripheral infection/inflammation leads to de novo synthesis and release of cytokines within the brain and spinal cord. Thus, cytokines effect neural activation both peripherally and centrally. Through this communication pathway, cytokines such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor markedly alter brain function, physiology and behavior. One important but underrecognized aspect of this communication is the dramatic impact that immune activation has on pain modulation. The purpose of this book is to examine, for the first time, immune-to-brain communication from the viewpoint of its effect on pain processing. It is aimed both at the basic scientist and health care providers, in order to clarify the major role that substances released by immune cells play in pain modulation. This book contains chapters contributed by all of the major laboratories focused on understanding how cytokines modulate pain. These chapters provide a unique vantage point from which to examine this question, as the summarized work ranges from evolutionary approaches across diverse species, to the basics of the immune response, to the effect of cytokines on peripheral and central nervous system sites, to therapeutic potential in humans.

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 722 pages
File Size : 13,95 MB
Release : 1999-05-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0309173183

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Every aspect of immune function and host defense is dependent upon a proper supply and balance of nutrients. Severe malnutrition can cause significant alteration in immune response, but even subclinical deficits may be associated with an impaired immune response, and an increased risk of infection. Infectious diseases have accounted for more off-duty days during major wars than combat wounds or nonbattle injuries. Combined stressors may reduce the normal ability of soldiers to resist pathogens, increase their susceptibility to biological warfare agents, and reduce the effectiveness of vaccines intended to protect them. There is also a concern with the inappropriate use of dietary supplements. This book, one of a series, examines the impact of various types of stressors and the role of specific dietary nutrients in maintaining immune function of military personnel in the field. It reviews the impact of compromised nutrition status on immune function; the interaction of health, exercise, and stress (both physical and psychological) in immune function; and the role of nutritional supplements and newer biotechnology methods reported to enhance immune function. The first part of the book contains the committee's workshop summary and evaluation of ongoing research by Army scientists on immune status in special forces troops, responses to the Army's questions, conclusions, and recommendations. The rest of the book contains papers contributed by workshop speakers, grouped under such broad topics as an introduction to what is known about immune function, the assessment of immune function, the effect of nutrition, and the relation between the many and varied stresses encountered by military personnel and their effect on health.

Author : John R. Wingard
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 25,72 MB
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1461550130

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The hematopoietic system plays roles that are crucial for survival of the host: delivery of oxygen to tissues, arrest of accidental blood leaking from blood vessels, and fending off of invading microbes by humoral, cell-mediated, and phagocytic immunity. The activity of the hematopoietic system is staggering: daily, a normal adult produces approximately 2.5 billion erythrocytes, 2.5 billion platelets, and 1 billion granulocytes per kilogram of body weight. This production is adjusted in a timely fashion to changes in actual needs and can vary from nearly none to many times the normal rate depending on needs which vary from day to day, or even minute to minute. In response to a variety of stimuli, the cellular components of the blood are promptly increased or decreased in production to maintain appropriate numbers to optimally protect the host from hypoxia, infection, and hemorrhage. How does this all happen and happen without over or under responding? There has been extraordinary growth in our understanding ofhematopoiesis over the last two decades. Occupying center stage is the pluripotent stern cell and its progeny. Hematopoietic stern cells have been characterized by their capacity for self renewal and their ability to proliferate and differentiate along multiple lineages. Few in number, the stern cell gives rise to all circulating neutrophils, erythrocytes, lymphoid cells, and platelets. In hematopoietic transplantation, the stern cell is capable of restoring long-term hematopoiesis in a lethally irradiated host.

Author : Angus W. Thomson
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 1510 pages
File Size : 27,93 MB
Release : 2003-04-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0080518796

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The fourth edition of The Cytokine Handbook provides an encyclopedic coverage of the molecules that induce and regulate immune responses. Now expanded to two volumes, co-edited by Michael T Lotze, and written by over 120 international experts, the scope of the book has been broadened to include a major emphasis on the clinical applications of cytokines. The early chapters discuss individual cytokines, chemokines and receptors. Additional chapters discuss the clinical implications and applications of cytokines, including cytokine gene transfer, antisense therapy and assay systems. This book is essential for researchers and clinicians interested in cytokines, including anyone working in cancer biology, transplantation, infectious diseases, autoimmunity or bioinformatics. Key Features* Covers all main cytokines and chemokines * Written by experts* Up-to-date- includes detailed referencing accessing current, modern literature and reflects the newest findings from the human genome * The new edition has been thoroughly revised and extended (now 2 volumes) as compared to the last edition, including new co-editor (MTL), new authors, new hot topics and new chapters* Includes major emphasis on clinical applications* Extensively illustrated with tables and figures

Author : Kenneth Murphy
Publisher : Garland Science
Page : pages
File Size : 10,77 MB
Release : 2010-06-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780815344575

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The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes.