[PDF] Current Perspectives On The Mechanisms Of Auditory Hallucinations In Clinical And Non Clinical Populations eBook

Author : Johanna C. Badcock
Publisher : Frontiers E-books
Page : 145 pages
File Size : 23,24 MB
Release : 2014-03-07
Category :
ISBN : 2889192032

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There has been a recent surge of interest in auditory hallucinations (AH) in schizophrenia compared to those experienced by non-clinical (i.e. healthy) individuals. This interest stems in no small part from a keen awareness of the fact that progress in developing more effective treatments for AH in psychosis has been seriously hampered by our limited understanding of the cognitive and biological mechanisms involved. The prevailing notion that AH in clinical and non-clinical populations share the same features and underlying mechanisms - the continuum hypothesis - has been seriously challenged by a growing list of differences, as well as similarities, between these groups. At the phenomenological level this is exemplified in the highly negative content of AH in patients and the markedly earlier age of onset of AH in non-patients. Similarly, several recent studies point to significant differences in cognition, language lateralization and, possibly, dopamine function between these groups. These findings have important implications for the design of future studies, and raise considerable doubt about the adequacy of modelling the functional mechanisms of clinical AH on the basis of non-clinical populations. In short, the time seems ripe to re-evaluate the continuum hypothesis and provide a forum to present alternative perspectives on the functional pathways leading to AH in clinical and non-clinical groups. Such a forum is also timely in view of the renewed interest in AH in other (non-schizophrenic) clinical groups, again examining similarities and differences between such groups. Preliminary studies, for instance, have shown that AH in certain clinical populations (e.g. bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, dissociative disorder) share similar phenomenological features with AH in schizophrenia. However, the implications of such findings are not fully understood, and studies have not adequately examined potential differences between AH in these groups. The goal of this Frontiers Research Topic, therefore, is take the opportunity to bring together research exploring differences and similarities in mechanisms of AH in clinical and non-clinical groups and to stimulate the development of new explanatory models which explicitly link the phenomenological characteristics of AH with underlying mechanisms.

Author : Saruchi Vijay Chhabra
Publisher :
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 24,34 MB
Release : 2012
Category : Auditory hallucinations
ISBN :

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[Truncated abstract] Auditory hallucinations (AH) are one of the most persistent, distressing, and functionally disabling symptoms of schizophrenia. Despite significant research into aetiology and treatment, the full picture of the mechanisms involved in these experiences remains unclear. AH also occur relatively frequently in healthy individuals in the general population, supporting a continuum model of psychotic symptoms. However, there have been recent challenges to this view, including evidence of important differences in the phenomenology and cognitive mechanisms in patient and non-patient voice hearers. The overarching goal of this thesis is to advance our understanding of the commonalities and differences in cognitive and perceptual mechanisms underlying clinical and non-clinical AH. One of the core features of AH involves them being experienced as separate from one s own mental processes. These experiences have predominantly been explained by failures of self-recognition, or reality monitoring difficulties; however evidence points to a broader array of context memory impairments in AH. The first part of this thesis sought to explore the exact nature of context memory deficits in clinical and non-clinical AH. By assessing memory binding of voice and location information, the first two experiments revealed that healthy, hallucination-predisposed individuals are not impaired in either automatic or intentional binding of two external, contextual features of information in memory. In order to make firm conclusions about whether context memory impairments are/are not present in non-clinical compared to clinical AH, the third experiment applied an identical word-voice memory binding task in two separate studies of: (1) hallucination-prone individuals, and (2) schizophrenia patients (with and without AH). Analyses revealed no evidence of impaired binding in high hallucination-prone individuals relative to controls. In contrast, compared to controls, individuals with schizophrenia (both with and without AH) had difficulties binding the two stimulus features (remembering who said what ), alongside difficulties remembering individual words and voices. These results suggest that the extent of context memory deficits in schizophrenia is more wide-ranging than simply a deficit in identifying the self as a source of mental events. Poorer memory for these real, external voices and impaired binding of words to voices were also associated with higher ratings of the loudness of hallucinated voices reported by individuals with AH. The findings in the first part of this thesis underscore the importance of voice recognition difficulties in patients with schizophrenia, including a functional link to AH. The second part of this thesis explored the particular contribution of voice identity processing to clinical and non-clinical AH. Two separate experiments were designed using identical methodology, and age appropriate controls, to assess voice identity discrimination in: (1) individuals with schizophrenia (with and without AH), and (2) healthy undergraduates with a tendency to hallucinate. Results revealed atypical processing of resonance, though not pitch-based cues to vocal identity in patients with and without AH, but intact voice identity discrimination in hallucination-predisposed individuals...

Author : Katherine J. Aitchison
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 29,36 MB
Release : 1999-02-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781853174353

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The new edition of this popular handbook has been thoroughly updated to include the latest data concerning treatment of first-episode patients. Drawing from their experience, the authors discuss the presentation and assessment of the first psychotic episode and review the appropriate use of antipsychotic agents and psychosocial approaches in effective management.

Author : Andreas Marneros
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 48,74 MB
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3642794858

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One of the most important questions of our previous common volumes about affective, schizoaffective, and schizophrenic disorders was the question of what connects and what separates psychotic disorders (Marneros and Tsuang, Schizo affective Psychoses, Springer-Verlag, 1986; Marneros and Tsuang Affective and Schizoaffective Disorders, Springer-Verlag, 1990; Marneros, Andreasen, and Tsuang, Negative and Positive Schizophrenia, Springer-Verlag 1993). The boundaries between various psychotic disorders are not always clearly defined. Some groups of psychotic disorders, such as schizoaffective disorders and all the other "atypical" psychoses, occupy a position between "typical" mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, and affective disorders. The question is: Do psychotic disorders form a continuum, or are they, despite their unclear boundaries, distinct entities? On what basis should we assume there is a continuity of psychotic disorders? Solely symptomatology? Or perhaps also a continuity in genetic predispositions? Or in biological, pharmacological, and other dimensions? Is the old idea of "Einheitspsychose" (unitary psychosis) really always wrong? The contributions contained in this new volume cannot provide a definite answer to the above questions. But they try to describe some relevant aspects of the problem, and to give some partial answers. Halle-Wittenberg, Germany A. MARNEROS Brockton, USA M. T. TSUANG Iowa, USA N. C. ANDREASEN October 1994 Contents Part I Psychotic Continuum: An Introduction A. MARNEROS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Psychotic Continuum or Distinct Entities: Perspectives from Psychopathology CH. MUNDT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Psychotic Continuum Under Longitudinal Considerations A. MARNEROS, A. ROHDE, and A. DEISTER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Psychotic Continuum or Distinct Entities: Perspective from Psychopharmacology H. Y. MELTZER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Author : Renaud Jardri
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 567 pages
File Size : 49,87 MB
Release : 2012-09-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1461441218

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Hallucinatory phenomena have held the fascination of science since the dawn of medicine, and the popular imagination from the beginning of recorded history. Their study has become a critical aspect of our knowledge of the brain, making significant strides in recent years with advances in neuroimaging, and has established common ground among what normally are regarded as disparate fields. The Neuroscience of Hallucinations synthesizes the most up-to-date findings on these intriguing auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory, and somatosensory experiences, from their molecular origins to their cognitive expression. In recognition of the wide audience for this information among the neuroscientific, medical, and psychology communities, its editors bring a mature evidence base to highly subjective experience. This knowledge is presented in comprehensive detail as leading researchers across the disciplines ground readers in the basics, offer current cognitive, neurobiological, and computational models of hallucinations, analyze the latest neuroimaging technologies, and discuss emerging interventions, including neuromodulation therapies, new antipsychotic drugs, and integrative programs. Among the topics covered: Hallucinations in the healthy individual. A pathophysiology of transdiagnostic hallucinations including computational and connectivity modeling. Molecular mechanisms of hallucinogenic drugs. Structural and functional variations in the hallucinatory brain in schizophrenia. The neurodevelopment of hallucinations. Innovations in brain stimulation techniques and imaging-guided therapy. Psychiatrists, neurologists, neuropsychologists, cognitive neuroscientists, clinical psychologists, and pharmacologists will welcome The Neuroscience of Hallucinations as a vital guide to the current state and promising future of their shared field.

Author : Frank Larøi
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,20 MB
Release : 2010-06-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780199548590

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Hallucinations are a troublesome and distressing symptom for countless patients who suffer from psychiatric or neurological conditions. This book brings together the work of leading experts in this area, to provide a practical guide to the assessment, evaluation, and treatment of hallucinations.

Author : John Adlam
Publisher : Jessica Kingsley Publishers
Page : 548 pages
File Size : 14,31 MB
Release : 2018-05-03
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 1784503037

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This is a provocative collection exploring the different types of violence and how they relate to one another, examined through the integration of several disciplines, including forensic psychotherapy, psychiatry, sociology, psychosocial studies and political science. By examining the 'violent states' of mind behind specific forms of violence and the social and societal contexts in which an individual act of human violence takes place, the contributors reveal the dynamic forces and reasoning behind specific forms of violence including structural violence, and conceptualise the societal structures themselves as 'violent states'. Other research often stops short at examining the causes and risk factors for violence, without considering the opposite states that may not only mitigate, but allow for a different unfolding of individual and societal evolution. As a potential antidote to violence, the authors prescribe an understanding of these 'creative states' with their psychological origins, and their importance in human behaviour and meaning-seeking. Making a call to move beyond merely mitigating violence to the opposite direction of fostering creative potential, this book is foundational in its capacity to cultivate social consciousness and effect positive change in areas of governance, policy-making, and collective responsibility. This two-volume set includes: Volume 1: Structural Violence and Creative Structures ISBN 9781785925641 Volume 2: Human Violence and Creative Humanity ISBN 9781785925658

Author : Peter Langland-Hassan
Publisher :
Page : 349 pages
File Size : 47,74 MB
Release : 2018
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0198796641

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Inner Speech focuses on a familiar and yet mysterious element of our daily lives. In light of renewed interest in the general connections between thought, language, and consciousness, this anthology develops a number of important new theories about internal voices and raises questions about their nature and cognitive functions.

Author : Colin R. Martin
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 19,62 MB
Release : 2016-06-13
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9783319083582

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This is an all-embracing reference that offers analyses and discussions of contemporary issues in the field of PTSD. The book brings together scientific material from leading experts in the field relating to a wide range of important current topics across disciplines. These include the early identification of PTSD and subsequent treatment, to social and behavioral studies, to biochemical, molecular and genetic research. With more than 125 chapters organized in 12 major sections, this is the most complete single resource on PTSD.

Author : Andrew Moskowitz
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 493 pages
File Size : 19,42 MB
Release : 2011-08-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1119965225

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In the 100 years since Eugen Bleuler unveiled his concept of schizophrenia, which had dissociation at its core, the essential connection between traumatic life events, dissociative processes and psychotic symptoms has been lost. Psychosis, Trauma and Dissociation is the first book to attempt to reforge this connection, by presenting challenging new findings linking these now disparate fields, and by comprehensively surveying, from a wide range of perspectives, the complex relationship between dissociation and psychosis. A cutting-edge sourcebook, Psychosis, Trauma and Dissociation brings together highly-respected professionals working in the psychosis field with renowned clinicians and researchers from the fields of traumatic stress, dissociation and the dissociative disorders, and will be of interest to those working with or studying psychotic or dissociative disorders, as well as trauma-related conditions such as borderline personality disorder or complex post-traumatic stress disorder. It makes an invaluable contribution to the burgeoning literature on severe mental disorders and serious life events. The book has three sections: Connecting trauma and dissociation to psychosis - an exploration of the links between trauma, dissociation and psychosis from a wide range of historical and theoretical perspectives. Comparing psychotic and dissociative disorders - a presentation of empirical and clinical perspectives on similarities and differences between the two sets of disorders. Assessing and treating hybrid and boundary conditions - consideration of existing and novel diagnostic categories, such as borderline personality disorder and dissociative psychosis, that blend or border dissociative and psychotic disorders, along with treatment perspectives emphasising humanistic and existential concerns.