[PDF] Constructed Wetland For Municipal Sewage Wastewater Treatment In Middle East North Africa Mena Iran eBook

Author : Emelda Orakwue
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 23 pages
File Size : 17,21 MB
Release : 2013-06-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 3656440867

GET BOOK

Wissenschaftliche Studie aus dem Jahr 2013 im Fachbereich Geowissenschaften / Geographie - Geologie, Mineralogie, Bodenkunde, , Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: The Middle East and North Africa (MENA region) is located between longitudes 130 W and 600 E between latitudes 150 N and 400 N covering a surface area of about 11.1 million square kilometers or about 8% of the area of the world (Fig. 1). MENA is the home for about 300 million people, or about 5% of the world's population, with an average annual population growth rate of 1.7% (World Bank, 2005). The 21 countries in the MENA region have many similarities of arid conditions (85% of the area is desert). Water resources are adversely affected as a result of changes in climate, population, economic development and environmental considerations. The MENA region can be considered as the most water-scarce region of the world (Droogers et al., 2012). Iran (one of the countries in the Middle East located in southwest Asia) was used as the case study because certain parameters (precipitation, evapotranspiration, temperature and population equivalent) used were derived from this country. Iran has a complete desert climate that is very hot in the summer and relatively cold in the winter with scarce rainfall of 200 mm/year and high evapotranspiration (Droogers et al., 2012). Water crisis has appeared in Iran as a serious problem. There are reasons for that: (1) Lack of proper water management and (2) Occurrence of drought (Motiee et al., 2000) Consequent to severe water scarcity, there is need for treatment of the generated wastewater for reuse. Constructed Wetland is one of the secondary treatments for treating primary effluent. This was designed to treat municipal sewage wastewater for one thousand persons in Iran.

Author : Azmi Ghneim
Publisher : Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin
Page : 159 pages
File Size : 41,93 MB
Release : 2010
Category : Graywater (Domestic wastewater)
ISBN : 9783798322677

GET BOOK

"The MENA region is the driest in the world. Irrigated agriculture consumes the largest volume of water resources due to the continuous demand for food production. A huge potential for satisfying this increasing demand exists in the reuse of municipal wastewater in agriculture. This book emphasizes the importance of appropriate water policies and the enabling institutional setting in successful wastewater management and reuse. The in-depth-analysis is presented through the case study of Jordan."--Page 4 of cover. Die MENA (Mittlerer Osten und Nordafrika) ist das trockenste Gebiet der Welt. Die nutzbaren Wasserressourcen gehen zurück, während die Nachfrage - auf Grund eines raschen Bevölkerungswachstums – steigt. Bewässerte Ackerflächen verbrauchen die größte Menge der Wasserressourcen als ein Ergebnis fortwährender Nachfrage für die Nahrungsproduktion. Ein großes Potential diese steigende Nachfrage zu befriedigen, besteht darin, kommunales Abwasser in der Landwirtschaft wiederzuverwenden. Die Wiederverwendung aufbereiteten Abwassers in der Landwirtschaft führt zu zusätzlichen Wassermengen für die Bewässerung and gibt gleichzeitig Frischwasser frei, das wieder in den öffentlichen Wassersektor eingeleitet werden kann, wo höhere Wasserqualität benötigt wird. Zur Zeit wird in einigen MENA Ländern bereits aufbereitetes Abwasser genutzt. Trotzdem sind diese Mengen im Vergleich zu aufbereiteten Abwässern noch sehr gering. Die wichtigste These dieser Dissertation besteht darin, anzunehmen, dass die Ausweitung des Konflikts über Frischwasser zwischen den verschiedenen Wassersektoren zu vermehrter Wiederverwendung von Abwasser in der Landwirtschaft führen kann. Darüber hinaus hat die mangelnde Wiederverwendung von Abwasser weniger mit teuren Behandlungskosten als viel mehr mit dem Fehlen von geeigneten Wasserpolitiken und angemessenen institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen zu tun. Die Zielsetzung dieser Dissertation ist die Analyse von Politiken, rechtlichen und institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen sowie die Komponenten der Wiederverwendung von Abwasser in der Landwirtschaft. Ein systematischer Ansatz wurde gewählt, um die existierenden organisatorischen Strukturen sowie die Rollen und Verantwortlichkeiten der unterschiedlichen Akteure bei der Wiederverwendung von Abwasser zu identifizieren. Die Analyse wird durch die Fallstudie „Jordanien“ vertieft. Als Grundlage dient in dieser Dissertation die ausführliche Durchsicht der zugänglichen Literatur, die Richtliniendokumente und Gesetze über die Wiederverwendung von Abwasser in Jordanien.

Author : Stephen McIlwaine
Publisher : IDRC
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 22,73 MB
Release : 2010
Category : Nature
ISBN : 1853396982

GET BOOK

In water-scarce areas of the Middle East, greywater (household wastewater excluding toilet waste) is commonly used by poor communities to irrigate home gardens. This both supplements the water available to the household and improves food security. This book draws together material presented at a conference in Jordan in 2007, and examines the technical approaches to treating and using greywater for irrigation, including its associated risks to health and the environment. It discusses many of the non-technical issues that influence effectiveness and sustainability of greywater use. It also takes a hard look at economic issues, arguing that more clarity and consistency from policymakers is essential if low-income, water-stressed communities are to make better and safer use of their existing water supplies. The book concludes by offering suggestions for where donor efforts and research could best be focused in the near future.Greywater use in the Middle East is important reading for researchers, donors, implementing agencies, and policymakers, in the fields of water supply, water reuse, livelihoods and agriculture.

Author : Tom Okia Okurut
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : pages
File Size : 11,37 MB
Release : 2017-09-14
Category :
ISBN : 9781138475083

GET BOOK

Flood disasters continue to occur in many countries in the world and cause tremendous casualties and property damage. To mitigate the effects of floods, a range of structural and non-structural measures have been employed including dykes, channelling, flood-proofing property, land-use regulation and flood warning schemes. Such schemes can include the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for modelling the rainfall run-off process as it is a quick and flexible approach which gives very promising results. However, the inability of ANN to extrapolate beyond the limits of the training range is a serious limitation of the method, and this book examines ways of side-stepping or solving this complex issue.

Author : International Development Research Centre (Canada)
Publisher : IDRC
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 15,5 MB
Release : 1996
Category : Water resources development
ISBN : 088936804X

GET BOOK

Water Management in Africa and the Middle East: Challenges and Opportunities

Author : Gabriela Dotro
Publisher : IWA Publishing
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 23,73 MB
Release : 2017-11-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 1780408765

GET BOOK

Contents: Overview of Treatment Wetlands; Fundamentals of Treatment Wetlands; Horizontal Flow Wetlands; Vertical Flow Wetlands; French Vertical Flow Wetlands; Intensified and Modified Wetlands; Free Water Surface Wetlands; Other Applications; Additional Aspects.