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This book addresses the issue of the best way to build effective knowledge-based systems for handling different types of diagnostic problems. It presents examples of different solutions to building effective diagnostic systems, and helps the reader to decide on an appropriate strategy for building a system. The book makes the material easy to understand and goes through the different options for constructing diagnostic systems.
Recent Trends in Computer-aided Diagnostic Systems for Skin Diseases: Theory, Implementation, and Analysis provides comprehensive coverage on the development of computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) systems employing image processing and machine learning tools for improved, uniform evaluation and diagnosis (avoiding subjective judgment) of skin disorders. The methods and tools are described in a general way so that these tools can be applied not only for skin diseases but also for a wide range of analogous problems in the domain of biomedical systems. Moreover, quantification of clinically relevant information that can associate the findings of physicians/experts is the most challenging task of any CAD system. This book gives all the details in a step-by-step form for different modules so that the readers can develop each of the modules like preprocessing, feature extraction/learning, disease classification, as well as an entire expert diagnosis system themselves for their own applications. Demonstrates extensive calculations for illustrating the theoretical analysis of advanced image processing and machine learning techniques Provides a comprehensive coverage on the development of various signal processing tools for the extraction of statistical and clinically correlated features from skin lesion images Describes image processing and machine learning techniques for improved uniform evaluation and diagnosis of skin disorders
1. GENERAL The term "diagnostics" refers to the general theory of diagnosis, not to the study of specific diagnoses but to their general framework. It borrows from different sciences and from different philosophies. Traditionally, the general framework of diagnostics was not distinguished from the framework of medicine. It was not taught in special courses in any systematic way; it was not accorded special attention: students absorbed it intuitively. There is almost no comprehensive study of diagnostics. The instruction in diagnosis provided in medical schools is exclusively specific. Clinical instruction includes (in addition to vital background information, such as anatomy and physiology) specific instruction in nosology, the theory and classification of diseases, and this includes information on diagnoses and prognoses of diverse diseases. What is the cause of the neglect of diagnostics, and of its integrated teaching? The main cause may be the prevalence of the view of diagnostics as part-and parcel of nosology. In this book nosology is taken as a given, autonomous field of study, which invites almost no comments; we shall freely borrow from it a few important general theses and a few examples. We attempt to integrate here three studies: ll of the way nosology is used in the diagnostic process; of the diagnostic process as a branch of applied ethics; ~ of the diagnostic process as a branch of social science and social technology.
Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) in medicine is the result of a large amount of effort expended in the interface of medicine and computer science. As some CAD systems in medicine try to emulate the diagnostic decision-making process of medical experts, they can be considered as expert systems in medicine.
Author : Eta S. Berner Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media Page : 325 pages File Size : 10,53 MB Release : 2013-06-29 Category : Medical ISBN : 1475739036
Written by nationally and internationally recognised experts on the design, evaluation and application of such systems, this book examines the impact of practitioner and patient use of computer-based diagnostic tools. It serves simultaneously as a resource book on diagnostic systems for informatics specialists; a textbook for teachers or students in health or medical informatics training programs; and as a comprehensive introduction for clinicians, with or without expertise in the applications of computers in medicine, who are interested in learning about current developments in computer-based diagnostic systems. Designed for a broad range of clinicians in need of decision support.
It is in the area of Systems Diagnosis. Supervision and Control that Knowledge-Based Techniques have had their most significant impact in recent years. In this volume. Spyros Tzafestas has ably put together the current state of the art of the application of Artificial Intelligence concepts to problems of Systems Diagnosis. All the authors in this edited work are distinguished internationally. recognized experts on various aspects of Artificial Intelligence and its applications. and the coverage of the field that they provide is both readable and authoritative. The sixteen chapters break down in a natural way into three broad categories i.e •• (a) introduction to the applications of Expert Systems in Engineering. (b) Knowledge-based systems architectures. models and techniques for fault diagnosis. supervision and real time control and finally. (c) applications and case studies in three specific 'areas. namely: Manufacturing. Chemical Processes and Communications Networks. The final chapter provides a com prehensive survey of the field with an extensive bibliography. The mix of original scientific articles. tutorial and survey papers makes this col lection a very timely and valuable addition to the literature in this important field. MADAN G. SINGH Professor of Information Engineering at U.M.I.S.T.
Author : Institute of Medicine Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 257 pages File Size : 38,79 MB Release : 1997-10-14 Category : Medical ISBN : 0309175348
Most industries have plunged into data automation, but health care organizations have lagged in moving patients' medical records from paper to computers. In its first edition, this book presented a blueprint for introducing the computer-based patient record (CPR). The revised edition adds new information to the original book. One section describes recent developments, including the creation of a computer-based patient record institute. An international chapter highlights what is new in this still-emerging technology. An expert committee explores the potential of machine-readable CPRs to improve diagnostic and care decisions, provide a database for policymaking, and much more, addressing these key questions: Who uses patient records? What technology is available and what further research is necessary to meet users' needs? What should government, medical organizations, and others do to make the transition to CPRs? The volume also explores such issues as privacy and confidentiality, costs, the need for training, legal barriers to CPRs, and other key topics.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 473 pages File Size : 36,91 MB Release : 2015-12-29 Category : Medical ISBN : 0309377722
Getting the right diagnosis is a key aspect of health care - it provides an explanation of a patient's health problem and informs subsequent health care decisions. The diagnostic process is a complex, collaborative activity that involves clinical reasoning and information gathering to determine a patient's health problem. According to Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, diagnostic errors-inaccurate or delayed diagnoses-persist throughout all settings of care and continue to harm an unacceptable number of patients. It is likely that most people will experience at least one diagnostic error in their lifetime, sometimes with devastating consequences. Diagnostic errors may cause harm to patients by preventing or delaying appropriate treatment, providing unnecessary or harmful treatment, or resulting in psychological or financial repercussions. The committee concluded that improving the diagnostic process is not only possible, but also represents a moral, professional, and public health imperative. Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, a continuation of the landmark Institute of Medicine reports To Err Is Human (2000) and Crossing the Quality Chasm (2001), finds that diagnosis-and, in particular, the occurrence of diagnostic errorsâ€"has been largely unappreciated in efforts to improve the quality and safety of health care. Without a dedicated focus on improving diagnosis, diagnostic errors will likely worsen as the delivery of health care and the diagnostic process continue to increase in complexity. Just as the diagnostic process is a collaborative activity, improving diagnosis will require collaboration and a widespread commitment to change among health care professionals, health care organizations, patients and their families, researchers, and policy makers. The recommendations of Improving Diagnosis in Health Care contribute to the growing momentum for change in this crucial area of health care quality and safety.