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The past few years have witnessed the development of non-spherical metal nanoparticles with complex morphologies, which offer tremendous potential in materials science, chemistry, physics and medicine. Covering all important aspects and techniques of preparation and characterization of metal nanoparticles with controlled morphology and architecture, this book provides a sound overview - from the basics right up to recent developments. Renowned research scientists from all over the world present the existing knowledge in the field, covering theory and modeling, synthesis and properties of these nanomaterials. By emphasizing the underlying concepts and principles in detail, this book enables researchers to fully recognize the future research scope and the application potential of the complex-shaped metal nanoparticles, inspiring further research in this field.
The past few years have witnessed the development of non-spherical metal nanoparticles with complex morphologies, which offer tremendous potential in materials science, chemistry, physics and medicine. Covering all important aspects and techniques of preparation and characterization of metal nanoparticles with controlled morphology and architecture, this book provides a sound overview - from the basics right up to recent developments. Renowned research scientists from all over the world present the existing knowledge in the field, covering theory and modeling, synthesis and properties of these nanomaterials. By emphasizing the underlying concepts and principles in detail, this book enables researchers to fully recognize the future research scope and the application potential of the complex-shaped metal nanoparticles, inspiring further research in this field.
A state-of-the-art reference, Metal Nanoparticles offers the latest research on the synthesis, characterization, and applications of nanoparticles. Following an introduction of structural, optical, electronic, and electrochemical properties of nanoparticles, the book elaborates on nanoclusters, hyper-Raleigh scattering, nanoarrays, and several applications including single electron devices, chemical sensors, biomolecule sensors, and DNA detection. The text emphasizes how size, shape, and surface chemistry affect particle performance throughout. Topics include synthesis and formation of nanoclusters, nanosphere lithography, modeling of nanoparticle optical properties, and biomolecule sensors.
A much-needed summary of the importance, synthesis and applications of metal nanoparticles in pharmaceutical sciences, with a focus on gold, silver, copper and platinum nanoparticles. After a brief introduction to the history of metal complexes in medicine and fundamentals of nanotechnology, the chapters continue to describe different methods for preparation of metal nanoparticles. This section is followed by representative presentations of current biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, chemotherapy, and diagnostic imaging. Aimed at stimulating further research in this field, the book serves as an reference guide for academics and professionals working in the field of chemistry and nanotechnology.
With conventional methods of colloidal nanoparticle (NP) synthesis, it is often difficult to precisely control NPs size, shape, and chemical composition that are the most important factors in defining their properties and behavior. This has led to a growing interest in the transformation of easily synthesizable nanostructures into more complex ones by post-synthetic modifications such as cation exchange, seeded growth, galvanic exchange, etc. to facilitate independent control over these parameters. In order to develop rational design strategies for the synthesis of colloidal NPs, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms encompassing their growth and transformation. In this dissertation, I have worked on two projects focusing on unraveling transformation and growth mechanisms in nanostructured materials--cation exchange (CE) in CdSe NPs and shape-controlled growth of anisotropic Ag NPs. CE has been utilized as a promising approach to synthesize nanostructures that cannot be synthesized directly from its precursors. The thermodynamic feasibility of a CE system is often based on trial and error because of the unavailability of rigorous quantitative studies. Available quantitative methods are based on lattice energy and solvation energy of bulk crystals that do not account for nanoscale effects. In Chapter 2, I have demonstrated, the thermodynamics of the CE between CdSe NPs and Ag+ in solution can be quantified using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). In this chapter, the influence of CdSe NP diameter, capping ligands, and temperature are surveyed and a detailed description of overall thermodynamic parameters--Keq, [delta]H, [delta]S, and stoichiometry (n) is reported. Gibbs free energy ([delta]Grxn) of CE between CdSe NPs with Ag+ obtained from ITC shows an additional stabilization of ~ -14 kJ/mol compared to values calculated from qualitative methods. In Chapter 3, I extended the application of ITC to measure the influence of cation solvation on CE thermodynamics. In this chapter, the influence of spectator anions, solvents, and exchanging cation identity are surveyed. This work demonstrated the application of ITC to probe thermochemistry of nanoscale transformations under relevant solution conditions. Ag NPs have been synthesized in various shapes (cubes, octahedra, nanowires, etc.) to serve specific applications, however, the mechanism of shape transformation and role of each component in the synthesis is not explicitly understood. Ag nanocubes is primarily synthesized by polyol method, where the solvent is considered as the reducing agent and PVP the shape-directing agent. In Chapter 4, I built an experimental phase diagram for the formation of Ag nanocubes as a function of PVP monomer concentration (Cm) and molecular weight (Mw). Incorporation of PVP with aldehyde and hydroxyl end-groups in the synthesis leads to formation of Ag nanocubes and a mixture of nanocubes and nanowires respectively, indicating that a stronger reducing agent (hydroxyl) forms kinetically preferred nanowires. Measurement of relative rates of Ag+ reduction at different PVP Cm and Mw confirmed the reducing effect originates from the end-groups. Although, the end-group/Ag+ ratio is below stoichiometric, it is demonstrated, PVP end-groups induce the reduction of Ag+ (nucleation), followed by an autocatalytic reduction at a rate commensurate with AgCl dissolution. Combining nanostructure synthesis with polymer synthesis enabled us to quantitively decipher the role of ubiquitously used PVP polymer in nanoparticle shape-control. Ag octahedra are synthesized by seed-mediated growth of Ag NCs in presence of Cu2+ ions, yet, the role of Cu2+ in shape transformation of Ag is still unknown. In Chapter 5, I used several Mn+ (Ni2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Pd2+, and Au3+) to study their relative effect on Ag NCs to octahedra conversion. Guided by findings from these experiments, I proposed a detailed mechanism for the transformation process. Mn+ deposits on Ag (100) surface through underpotential deposition or galvanic exchange reaction, depending on their reduction potential with respect to Ag. This leads to faster growth of the Ag (100) facets, resulting in their disappearance and retention of the Ag (111) facets thus forming Ag octahedra. We envision, these Ag octahedra could be utilized as single atom alloy (SAA) catalysts owing to the very low amount of Mn+ on the Ag octahedra surface. Galvanic replacement reaction (GRR) is often used to synthesize complex porous metal nanostructures by reacting a template NP with a metal salt of higher reduction potential. However, thermodynamics of GRR systems have not been studied before. Motivated by the robustness of ITC in studying thermodynamics of nanocrystals transformation, in Chapter 6, I propose employing ITC to understand the thermodynamics and transformation mechanism of silver nanocube GRR with Au3+, Pd2+, and Pt2+. Preliminary results demonstrate that a combination of calorimetry and spectroscopy can be instrumental in understanding the thermodynamics of nanoparticle transformation via GRR. Additional experiments and characterization to explain the findings from preliminary experiments are suggested.
Magnetic Nanoparticles Learn how to make and use magnetic nanoparticles in energy research, electrical engineering, and medicine In Magnetic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications, a team of distinguished engineers and chemists delivers an insightful overview of magnetic materials with a focus on nano-sized particles. The book reviews the foundational concepts of magnetism before moving on to the synthesis of various magnetic nanoparticles and the functionalization of nanoparticles that enables their use in specific applications. The authors also highlight characterization techniques and the characteristics of nanostructured magnetic materials, like superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry. Advanced applications of magnetic nanoparticles in energy research, engineering, and medicine are also discussed, and explicit derivations and explanations in non-technical language help readers from diverse backgrounds understand the concepts contained within. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to magnetic materials, including the theory and fundamentals of magnetization In-depth explorations of the types and characteristics of soft and hard magnetic materials Comprehensive discussions of the synthesis of nanostructured magnetic materials, including the importance of various preparation methods Expansive treatments of the surface modification of magnetic nanoparticles, including the technical resources employed in the process Perfect for materials scientists, applied physicists, and measurement and control engineers, Magnetic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of inorganic chemists.
This book highlights the theoretical foundations of and experimental techniques in photothermal heating and applications involving nanoscale heat generation using gold nanostructures embedded in various media. The experimental techniques presented involve a combination of nanothermometers doped with rare-earth atoms, plasmonic heaters and near-field microscopy. The theoretical foundations are based on the Maxwell’s and heat diffusion equations. In particular, the working principle and application of AlGaN:Er3+ film, Er2O3 nanoparticles and β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanocrystals for nanothermometry based on Er3+ emission are discussed. The relationship between superheated liquid and bubble formation for optically excited nanostructures and the effects of the surrounding medium and solution properties on light absorption and scattering are presented. The application of Er2O3 and β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanocrystals to study the temperature of optically heated gold nanoparticles is also presented. In closing, the book presents a new thermal imaging technique combining near-field microscopy and Er3+ photoluminescence spectroscopy to monitor the photothermal heating and steady-state sub-diffraction local temperature of optically excited gold nanostructures.
Cubes, triangular prisms, nano-acorn, nano-centipedes, nanoshells, nano-whiskers. . . . Now that we can create nanoparticles in a wide variety of shapes and morphologies, comes the next challenge: finding ways to organize this collection of particles into larger and more complex systems. Nanoparticle Assemblies and Superstructures, edit
Author : Franklin Tao Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry Page : 285 pages File Size : 37,29 MB Release : 2014-06-12 Category : Technology & Engineering ISBN : 1782621032
Catalysis is a central topic in chemical transformation and energy conversion. Thanks to the spectacular achievements of colloidal chemistry and the synthesis of nanomaterials over the last two decades, there have also been significant advances in nanoparticle catalysis. Catalysis on different metal nanostructures with well-defined structures and composition has been extensively studied. Metal nanocrystals synthesized with colloidal chemistry exhibit different catalytic performances in contrast to metal nanoparticles prepared with impregnation or deposition precipitation. Additionally, theoretical approaches in predicting catalysis performance and understanding catalytic mechanism on these metal nanocatalysts have made significant progress. Metal Nanoparticles for Catalysis is a comprehensive text on catalysis on Nanoparticles, looking at both their synthesis and applications. Chapter topics include nanoreactor catalysis; Pd nanoparticles in C-C coupling reactions; metal salt-based gold nanocatalysts; theoretical insights into metal nanocatalysts; and nanoparticle mediated clock reaction. This book bridges the gap between nanomaterials synthesis and characterization, and catalysis. As such, this text will be a valuable resource for postgraduate students and researchers in these exciting fields.
This book covers the most recent advances in using nanoparticles for biomedical imaging, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic particle imaging (MPI), nuclear medicine, ultrasound (US) imaging, computed tomography (CT), and optical imaging. Topics include nanoparticles for MRI and MPI, siRNA delivery, theranostic nanoparticles for PET imaging of drug delivery, US nanoparticles for imaging drug delivery, inorganic nanoparticles for targeted CT imaging, and quantum dots for optical imaging. This book serves as a valuable resource for the fundamental science of diagnostic nanoparticles and their interactions with biological targets, providing a practical handbook for improved detection of disease and its clinical implementation.