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The main objective of this volume is to discuss the physical properties, observational signals and various probes of compact objects in the Universe. These include black holes, neutron stars, and exotic objects studied in alternative theories of gravity. The text is mainly addressed to postgraduate students and young researchers with the aim of introducing them to these very challenging topics.
This self-contained textbook brings together many different branches of physics--e.g. nuclear physics, solid state physics, particle physics, hydrodynamics, relativity--to analyze compact objects. The latest astronomical data is assessed. Over 250 exercises.
Modern comprehensive introduction and overview of the physics of White Dwarfs, Neutron Stars and Black Holes, including all relevant observations. Contains a basic introduction to General Relativity, including the modern 3+1 split of spacetime and of Einstein’s equations. The split is used for the first time to derive the structure equations for rapidly rotating neutron stars and Black Holes. Detailed discussions and derivations of current theoretical results. In particular also the most recent equations of state for neutron star matter are explained. Topics , such as colour superconductivity are discussed and used for modelling. A book for graduate students and researchers. Contains exercises and some solutions.
The main objective of this volume is to discuss the physical properties, observational signals and various probes of compact objects in the Universe. These include black holes, neutron stars, and exotic objects studied in alternative theories of gravity. The text is mainly addressed to postgraduate students and young researchers with the aim of introducing them to these very challenging topics.
Einstein's theory of general relativity and quantum mechanics were among the most startling discoveries in the 20th century. Based on these theories, the maximum mass of a non-rotating non-magnetized white dwarf was found to be about 1.4 solar mass, known as the Chandrasekhar mass-limit. However, over the past decades, various researchers have indirectly predicted many sub- and super-Chandrasekhar limiting mass white dwarfs (white dwarfs which violate the Chandrasekhar mass-limit) from the luminosity based observations of peculiar type Ia supernovae. Several research groups worldwide, earlier proposed different models, including magnetic fields, rotation, modified gravity, noncommutative geometry, and many more, to explain these peculiar white dwarfs. However, no such white dwarfs have so far been observed directly in any observations and hence to predict the correct theory for white dwarfs is still unclear. In this book, we show that if such white dwarfs rotate in such a way that their magnetic field and rotation axes are not aligned with each other, they can emit continuous gravitational radiation, which in the future, various detectors, such as LISA, TianQin, BBO, DECIGO, Einstein Telescope, etc., can detect with a significant signal-to-noise ratio. Thereby one can predict the structure of the white dwarfs and single out the correct theory of gravity. In the related context of modified gravity, we show that even in vacuum, asymptotically flat solution of the modified Einstein equation is possible. All these results argue that the premise of modified theory of gravity seems to be an excellent platform to explain unsolved astronomical problems.
Advances in observational abilities from the likes of the James Web Space Telescope, the Rubin Observatory, and the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration anticipate observations of the cosmos at smaller scales than ever before. At the same time, the dearth of non-gravitational dark matter detections and ongoing small-scale tensions, like the core/cusp problem, incentivize the search for new dark matter models that may offer solutions to these tensions without requiring strong Standard Model interactions. Dissipative dark matter models may provide an answer to the general dark matter problem and some of the small-scale tensions, with the further intriguing possibility that some dark matter halos could directly collapse into dark compact objects. My dissertation focuses on the contributions I have made to using current and future observables to constrain dissipative dark matter as well as simulating the behavior of one of these models, atomic dark matter, in both collapsing dark matter halos and in the form of dark white dwarfs. I describe the necessity for a new constraints paradigm, based on constraining the dark cooling function across different cosmic scales, as well as showing the current status of said constraint. I include a method for re-scaling Standard Model chemical rates to construct the equivalent rate in the atomic dark matter model, and demonstrate its use with the construction of a minimal dark reaction network and the development of dark molecular cooling rates for use in dark astrochemistry. Since many dark matter simulations now involve large numerical codes with external astrochemistry libraries, I describe the DarkKROME software package that I developed which can solve dark astrochemical problems using the aforementioned dark reactions and thermal processes. Finally, I discuss a possible type of exotic compact object, the dark white dwarf, which has unique physical properties and could be observed by gravitational wave observatories in the near future.