[PDF] Coal Combustion Byproducts And Environmental Issues eBook
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Coal Combustion Byproducts and Environmental Issues addresses the major implications and critical issues surrounding coal combustion products and their impact upon the environment. It provides essential information for scientists conducting research on coal and coal combustion products, but also serves as a valuable reference for a wide variety of researchers and other professionals in the energy industry and in the fields of public health, engineering, and environmental sciences. The ultimate goal of this volume is to benefit both our economy and our environment as humanity enters the second half of the fossil fuel era.
The main use of coal in India is for generation of electricity, both currently and apparently also in the future. In India approximately 70% of power generation has been through coal-fired thermal power plants. About 60% of produced coal is used for power generation. The coal which is used in power plants has an ash content of about 30-50%. The Coal Ash Administration that was established in 1993 with the objective of coordinating the effort at a national level to solve the problem of ash accumulation at the power plants, chose to deal with the problem by advancing the use of coal ash as a resource having economic value, in various sectors, as is done in most of the developed countries in the world. This site is intended to provide information regarding coal ash characteristics, beneficial uses of coal ash, both currently and in the future, in construction, infrastructures, industry and agriculture in India, to provide information on environmental quality issues, and to describe what is being done in this area to prevent damage to the environment and to improve it. Since coal fly ash consists of predominantly silt-sized particles, there is sometimes a concern about the possible frost susceptibility of fly ash as an embankment or structural backfill material, which can provide scope for environmentally safe. The major challenge with the introduction of the fly ash is its generation in unmanageable volumes which creates environmental problems in terms of land degradation, and degradation of air and water quality. The problem of storage and disposal of the fly ash creates a considerable pressure on land availability particularly in a densely populated country like India. Many researchers are working towards the large scale utilization of fly ash. The approaches include intermixing the fly ash with cement for civil construction work, manufacture of bricks, and utilization as a road pavement material and application as soil amendment medium for the plant growth.
Coal Combustion Products (CCPs): Their Nature, Utilization and Beneficiation is a valuable resource for engineers and scientists from the coal, cement, concrete, and construction industries seeking an in-depth guide to the characteristics, utilization, beneficiation, and environmental impacts of coal combustion by-products. Researchers in universities working in this area will also find much to expand their knowledge. The book provides a detailed overview of the different waste materials produced during power generation from coal, exploring their nature, beneficiation techniques, applications, and environmental impacts. Strong focus is placed on coal fly ash, bottom ash, and flue gas desulfurization materials, and their employment in cement, concrete, gypsum products, aggregates, road construction, geotechnics, and agriculture, among other products and industries. Part 1 focuses on the nature of coal ashes, with chapters on their origin, generation, and storage, both in ponds and landfill. The coal combustion by-products produced as a result of clean coal technologies are the focus of the final chapter in the section. The next group of chapters in Part 2 considers the utilization of different waste materials, including the key products coal fly ash, bottom ash, and flue gas desulfurization materials. This is followed by a contribution reviewing the latest research into innovative and advanced uses for coal ash. After an introduction to ash quality problems and quality monitoring, Part 3 concentrates on the essential area of by-product beneficiation techniques, in other words how to maximize the quality of materials for the end user. Topics covered include separation methods, thermal processing, and chemical passivation. The final section of the book addresses environmental issues, including the use of coal combustion by-products in green construction materials and the essential health and safety considerations associated with their use. An essential reference on the nature, reactivity, beneficiation, potential and environmental risks of coal-combustion by-products Contains an in-depth review of the origin and geochemistry of coal ash Explores the utilization of coal combustion by-products as supplementary cementitious materials to reduce the anthropomorphic greenhouse gas emissions associated with the use of ordinary Portland cement concrete Describes the essential area of the toxicology of coal combustion by-products
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Small Business. Subcommittee on Rural Development, Entrepreneurship, and Trade
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Small Business. Subcommittee on Rural Development, Entrepreneurship, and Trade Publisher : Page : 204 pages File Size : 14,36 MB Release : 2010 Category : Business & Economics ISBN :
"The subcommittee has called this hearing so that members might learn more about coal ash, the small businesses that turn coal ash into useful products and the concerns that these businesses have about the proposed Federal regulations that they believe may have a negative effect on their industry ... The EPA has recently issued two proposals for regulating coal ash. One would regulate coal ash as a solid waste and would provide very limited Federal enforceability and may not provide adequate protection of the environment and human health. The other would list coal ash as a special waste under the Hazardous Waste Subtitle in the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Subtitle C. The second option is one that we will focus on ... since it has generated great concerns among small businesses across this country. These businesses, many of which are represented here today, have reason to believe that regulating coal ash under Subtitle C, even as a special waste, will open recycling operations to added litigation and a stigma that will discourage the ... use of the products made with recycled coal ash."--P. 1-2.
The accumulation of large amounts of ash from fossil fuel combustion for electric power plant generation is becoming a major environmental concern in the United States. Furthermore, stringent environmental regulations mandated by the Environmental Protection Agency through the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, as well as state and local environmental regulations may result in even more ash production with subsequent contact with the environment. The concentrations of trace elements in coal residues are extremely variable and depend on the composition of the original coal, conditions during combustion, the efficiency of emission control devices, storage and handling ofbyproducts, and climate. The research papers in this book were presented as a part of the Sixth International Conference on the Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements held at the University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada, from July 29-August 2, 2001. The purpose of this corit'erence was to present current knowledge on the source, pathways, behavior and effects of trace elements in soils, waters, plants and animals. In addition, the book also includes invited research papers from scientists who have done significant research in the area of coal and coal combustion byproducts. All the research papers presented herein have been subjected to peer review.
Coal Combustion Products (CCPs): Their Nature, Utilization and Beneficiation is a valuable resource for engineers and scientists from the coal, cement, concrete, and construction industries seeking an in-depth guide to the characteristics, utilization, beneficiation, and environmental impacts of coal combustion by-products. Researchers in universities working in this area will also find much to expand their knowledge. The book provides a detailed overview of the different waste materials produced during power generation from coal, exploring their nature, beneficiation techniques, applications, and environmental impacts. Strong focus is placed on coal fly ash, bottom ash, and flue gas desulfurization materials, and their employment in cement, concrete, gypsum products, aggregates, road construction, geotechnics, and agriculture, among other products and industries. Part 1 focuses on the nature of coal ashes, with chapters on their origin, generation, and storage, both in ponds and landfill. The coal combustion by-products produced as a result of clean coal technologies are the focus of the final chapter in the section. The next group of chapters in Part 2 considers the utilization of different waste materials, including the key products coal fly ash, bottom ash, and flue gas desulfurization materials. This is followed by a contribution reviewing the latest research into innovative and advanced uses for coal ash. After an introduction to ash quality problems and quality monitoring, Part 3 concentrates on the essential area of by-product beneficiation techniques, in other words how to maximize the quality of materials for the end user. Topics covered include separation methods, thermal processing, and chemical passivation. The final section of the book addresses environmental issues, including the use of coal combustion by-products in green construction materials and the essential health and safety considerations associated with their use.