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This book is a rare blend of the mathematics associated with filter design and the implementation of filter design for engineers. Two award-winning, widely published electrical engineering professors provide a comprehensive text detailing the design of analog filters with CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) technology. With a focus toward the Integrated Circuit (IC) design aspects of filters, this book is ideal for contemporary design engineers and researchers in the field.
Ideal for advanced undergraduate and first-year graduate courses in analog filter design and signal processing, Design of Analog Filters integrates theory and practice in order to provide a modern and practical "how-to" approach to design.
Starting from the basics of analog filters and the poor transistor characteristics in nanometer CMOS 10 high-performance analog filters developed by the authors in 120 nm and 65 nm CMOS are described extensively. Among them are gm-C filters, current-mode filters, and active filters for system-on-chip realization for Bluetooth, WCDMA, UWB, DVB-H, and LTE applications. For the active filters several operational amplifier designs are described. The book, furthermore, contains a review of the newest state of research on low-voltage low-power analog filters. To cover the topic of the book comprehensively, linearization issues and measurement methods for the characterization of advanced analog filters are introduced in addition. Numerous elaborate illustrations promote an easy comprehension. This book will be of value to engineers and researchers in industry as well as scientists and Ph.D students at universities. The book is also recommendable to graduate students specializing on nanoelectronics, microelectronics or circuit engineering.
Starting from the fundamentals, the present book describes methods of designing analog electronic filters and illustrates these methods by providing numerical and circuit simulation programs. The subject matters comprise many concepts and techniques that are not available in other text books on the market. To name a few - principle of transposition and its application in directly realizing current mode filters from well known voltage mode filters; an insight into the technological aspect of integrated circuit components used to implement an integrated circuit filter; a careful blending of basic theory, numerical verification (using MATLAB) and illustration of the actual circuit behaviour using circuit simulation program (SPICE); illustration of few design cases using CMOS and BiCMOS technological processes.
Integrated circuit technology is widely used for the full integration of electronic systems. In general, these systems are realized using digital techniques implemented in CMOS technology. The low power dissipation, high packing density, high noise immunity, ease of design and the relative ease of scaling are the driving forces of CMOS technology for digital applications. Parts of these systems cannot be implemented in the digital domain and will remain analog. In order to achieve complete system integration these analog functions are preferably integrated in the same CMOS technology. An important class of analog circuits that need to be integrated in CMOS are analog filters. This book deals with very high frequency (VHF) filters, which are filters with cut-off frequencies ranging from the low megahertz range to several hundreds of megahertz. Until recently the maximal cut-off frequencies of CMOS filters were limited to the low megahertz range. By applying the techniques presented in this book the limit could be pushed into the true VHF domain, and integrated VHF filters become feasible. Application of these VHF filters can be found in the field of communication, instrumentation and control systems. For example, pre and post filtering for high-speed AD and DA converters, signal reconstruction, signal decoding, etc. The general design philosophy used in this book is to allow only the absolute minimum of signal carrying nodes throughout the whole filter. This strategy starts at the filter synthesis level and is extended to the level of electronic circuitry. The result is a filter realization in which all capacitators (including parasitics) have a desired function. The advantage of this technique is that high frequency parasitic effects (parasitic poles/zeros) are minimally present. The book is a reference for engineers in research or development, and is suitable for use as a text for advanced courses on the subject. >
There is an ever increasing trend towards putting entire systems on a single chip. This means that analog circuits will have to coexist on the same substrate along with massive digital systems. Since technologies are optimized with these digital systems in mind, designers will have to make do with standard CMOS processes in the years to come. We address analog filter design from this perspective. Filters form important blocks in applications ranging from computer disc-drive chips to radio transceivers. In this book, we develop the theory and techniques necessary for the implementation of high frequency (hundreds of megahertz) programmable continuous time filters in standard CMOS processes. Since high density poly-poly capacitors are not available in these technologies, alternative capacitor structures have to be found. Met- metal capacitors have low specific capacitance. An alternative is to use the (inherently nonlinear) capacitance formed by MOSFET gates. In Chapter 2, we focus on the use of MOS capacitors as integrating elements. A physics-based model which predicts distortion accurately is presented for a two-terminal MOS structure in accumulation. Distortion in these capacitors as a function of signal swing and bias voltage is computed. Chapter 3 reviews continuous-time filter architectures in the light of bias-dependent integrating capacitors. We also discuss the merits and demerits of various CMOS transconductance elements. The problems encountered in designing high frequency programmable filters are discussed in detail.
1V CMOS Gm-C Filters: Design and Applications discusses the design aspects of transconductor and Gm-C filter circuits, with a special focus on 1V circuit implementations. The emphasis is on high linearity voltage-to-current blocks for wireless and wireline applications, and the designs cover up to very high speed specifications. 1V CMOS Gm-C Filters: Design and Applications provides a clear introduction of low voltage architectures and yields insight into the influence of circuit non-idealities. The fully CMOS implementation could be useful for wireless and wireline applications. The basic design concepts can be easily constructed through the illustration of this book. This book can be provided for engineers and researchers who are interested in the transconductor and Gm-C filter. It is also a good reference for the course related to analog integrated circuit design.
Cutting-edge techniques for designing analog filters and circuits With an emphasis on using operational amplifiers as key building blocks, Analog Filter and Circuit Design Handbook shows how to create working circuits that perform a variety of analog functions. Numerous circuit examples provide mathematical functions on analog signals in both a linear and nonlinear manner. The highly efficient elliptic-function filter response is featured throughout the book. Audio applications, such as audio power amplifiers and cross-over networks, are discussed, and both voltage and current feedback amplifiers are covered. This practical guide also analyzes the impact of nonideal amplifiers and addresses waveform shaping and generation. ANALOG FILTER AND CIRCUIT DESIGN HANDBOOK COVERS: Introduction to modern network theory Selecting the response characteristic Low-pass filter design High-pass filter design Bandpass filters Band reject filters Networks for the time domain Refinements in LC filter design and the use of resistive networks Component selection for LC and active filters Normalized filter design tables Switched capacitor filters Adjustable, fixed delay, and amplitude equalizers Voltage feedback operational amplifiers Linear amplifier applications Nonlinear circuits Waveform shaping Waveform generation Current feedback amplifiers Large signal amplifiers INCLUDES FREE DOWNLOADS: Filter Solutions from Nuhertz Technologies ELI 1.0 Elliptic function filter design program Fltrform--an Excel spreadsheet with essential formulas
This book covers active R filters, OTA-C filters, and switched-capacitor filters, including topics such as differential output opamps, sensitivity analysis for passive components, multiple-feedback techniques, double-sampling, and N-path filters.
Current-mode design is of great interest to high-tech analog designers today, who are principally concerned with designing whole systems on a chip. This work focuses on the theory and methods of many important current-mode circuit design techniques making it a comprehensive technical overview that fills a gap in the current literature. The purpose of the book is to compile all available information in the area of OTA-C filters, current conveyor and CFOA based filters, switched-current filters, and log-domain filters into one complete reference volume. Practical applications of current-mode design techniques for realizing practical VLSI systems such as disk drive read channel ICs and video filters are covered in detail. The background required for this book is an exposure to a first course in active RC filters, digital signal processing and optionally, some knowledge of switched capacitor filters.