[PDF] Cluster Thinning And Growth Regulator Effects On Fruit Development Juice Quality And Vine Growth Of Selected Grape Cultivars eBook

Author : Anton Prajitna
Publisher :
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 36,55 MB
Release : 2006
Category : Grapes
ISBN :

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Abstract: This study investigated the effect of cluster thinning on the quality and nutraceutical content of 'Chambourcin', 'Pinot noir' and 'Cabernet franc' wine grape berries and wines. In addition, this study investigated SO2 interference on wine nutraceutical content determination. In experiment 1, three vintages of Chambourcin and one vintage of Pinot noir crop level treated wines were evaluated for their composition, anthocyanin, total phenolic, antioxidant and total resveratrol content. Cluster thinning did not affect basic wine composition except pH. Cluster thinning, however, increased the total anthocyanins, total phenolics, and antioxidant capacity. Cluster thinning also increased the total resveratrol level in Chambourcin but not in Pinot noir wines. In experiment 2, we evaluated the effect of cluster thinning on yield parameters, vine growth, fruitfulness, canopy parameters, composition, anthocyanins, total phenolics and antioxidant capacity of 'Chambourcin', 'Pinot noir' and 'Cabernet franc' berries. We found that reponses cluster thinning treatments appear to be confounded with cold injury. Cluster thinning reduced yield in one out of two years of 'Chambourcin' and 'Pinot noir' vines. Cluster thinning increased cluster weight of Chambourcin but not Pinot noir and Cabernet franc. Cluster thinning decreased cropload of Chambourcin and one year of 'Pinot noir' vines. 'Pinot noir' vines under low crop level treatments had the most clusters/vine count prior to cluster thinning in 2004. Cluster thinning increased the anthocyanins, total phenolics and antioxidant capacity of Chambourcin berries linearly independent of harvest date. In experiment 3, we evaluated the extent of sulfite content interference on antioxidant determination (FRAP and ABTS assay) in red and white wines. Addition of SO2 up to 200 mg/L increased antioxidant capacity significantly. Addition of 100 mg/L SO2 generated on average 6.6 % and 64 % increase in antioxidant capacity for red and white wines, respectively indicating the extent of interference was much more pronounced in white compared to red wines.

Author : Virginia Beasley
Publisher :
Page : 536 pages
File Size : 27,36 MB
Release : 2020
Category :
ISBN :

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Table Grapes (Vitus vinifera) are highly valued horticulture crops world-wide. Often, table grape production in the southern United States is restricted due to climate and pest issues. Viticulture production could be expanded to this region by the use of controlled environment growing systems, such as high tunnels (HT). The objective of this project was to evaluate the effectiveness of HT systems for grape cultivation and compare the effects of different cluster thinning treatments on vines. In this two-year study, the cultivars Faith, Gratitude, Hope, and Jupiter were grown in HT systems and assessed for postharvest qualities at harvest and during storage. For this research, the table grapes were grown on a Geneva Double Curtain trellis system in two HT systems (University of Arkansas Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Fayetteville and a private farm in Cabot) in Arkansas (USDA hardiness zones 7a and 7b). In Fayetteville, two cluster thinning treatments: none (Trt 1) and pea-sized berry (Trt 2) were applied to the vines. In Cabot, three cluster thinning treatments: none (Trt 1), pea-sized berry (Trt 2), and veraison (Trt 3) were applied to the vines. Four kg of grapes were harvested from each location in July 2018 and August 2019. For each location, two clusters were placed in a 0.9 kg vented clamshell in triplicate for composition and marketability analyses. Fruit was evaluated for composition at harvest and marketability attributes during storage (0, 7, 14, and 21 days) at 2 °C. Two clusters per clamshell were evaluated in triplicate for physiochemical attributes (berry weights and texture), marketability attributes (decay, and berry drop), color (L*, chroma, and hue), and organic acids and sugars (HPLC). These cultivars differed in post-harvest characteristics. The cultivar Jupiter exhibited large berry size, high ratios of sugars to acids, but had high levels of berry drop. The cultivar Gratitude had firm berries with rich coloration. 'Faith' had the highest decay levels and a dullest color saturation, which diminished further during storage. 'Hope' had low decay and rich coloration. In both locations, decay increased during storage for all cultivars. Cluster thinning at both sites appeared to have minimal impact, indicating that this practice may not be necessary for high-tunnel grown table grapes. Based on these observations, high tunnel technology may be a feasible option for producing high quality table grapes.

Author : Zilfina Rubio Ames
Publisher :
Page : 63 pages
File Size : 21,30 MB
Release : 2014
Category :
ISBN :

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Overall yield. No significant effects were found on vine vegetative measurements as a result of either shoot or cluster thinning. Despite the lack of differences in vegetative measurements, an increase in fruit quality was observed when either shoot thinning or cluster thinning alone was applied. The response of Blanc Du Bois grown in a subtropical climate differed compared to other hybrid grape varieties examined in previous research when shoot and cluster thinning were applied. Freeze damage in 2013 reduced fruit yield and quality, as well as negatively affected vine performance making treatment effects difficult to separate from vine damage, therefore additional research needs to be conducted to understand the impact of these cultural practices on vine growth and fruit quality in Blanc Du Bois.

Author : José Tomás Matus
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 423 pages
File Size : 37,11 MB
Release : 2019-12-06
Category :
ISBN : 2889632113

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Fruits play a substantial role in the human diet as a source of vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber and a wide range of molecules relevant to health promotion and disease prevention. The characterization of genes involved in the accumulation of these molecules during fruit development and ripening, and in the overall plant’s response to the environment, constitutes a fundamental step for improving yield- and quality-related traits, and for predicting this crop’s behavior in the field. This is certainly the case for grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), one of the most largely cultivated fruit crops in the world. The cultivation of this species is facing challenging scenarios driven by climate change – including increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), solar radiation, and earth surface temperature, and decreases of water and nutrient availability. All these events will potentially affect the grapevine phenology, physiology, and metabolism in many growing regions and ultimately affect the quality of their fruits and of the most important derived product, the wine. The sequencing of the grapevine genome has given rise to a new era, characterized by the generation of large-scale data that requires complex computational analyses. Numerous transcriptomic and metabolomic studies have been performed in the past fifteen years, providing insights into the gene circuits that control the accumulation of all sorts of metabolites in grapevines. From now on, the integration of two or more ‘omics’ will allow depicting gene-transcript-metabolite networks from a more holistic (i.e. systems) perspective. This eBook attempts to support this new direction, by gathering innovative studies that assess the impact of genotypes, the environment, and agronomical practices on fruits at the ‘ome’-scale. The works hereby collected are part of a Research Topic covering the use of ‘omics’-driven strategies to understand how environmental factors and agronomical practices – including microclimate modification (e.g. sunlight incidence or temperature), water availability and irrigation, and postharvest management – affect fruit development and composition. These studies report well-settled transcriptomic and metabolomic methods, in addition to newly-developed techniques addressing proteome profiles, genome methylation landscapes and ionomic signatures, some of which attempt to tackle the influence of terroir, i.e. the synergic effect of (micro)climate, soil composition, grape genotype, and vineyard practices. A few reviews and opinions are included that focus on the advantages of applying network theory in grapevine research. Studies on vegetative organs in their relation to fruit development and on fruit-derived cell cultures are also considered.