[PDF] Characterizing Grapevine Canopy Architecture eBook

Author : Alejandra Navarrete
Publisher :
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 29,48 MB
Release : 2015
Category : Grapes
ISBN :

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Vertically shoot positioned (VSP) training systems are common in Oregon's Willamette Valley, where deep fertile soils and high regional precipitation task growers with curbing vegetative vigor within this system. Management strategies, such as canopy hedging and cluster-zone leaf removal, are used to improve microclimate within the canopy and around the fruit. These cultural practices employed in commercial vineyards make it difficult to quantify canopy architecture and vine growth using currently established methods. Given the importance of vine leaf surface area to productivity of the vine, a study was conducted to determine how to best quantify leaf area in the highly managed VSP canopies. A regression model was developed from various linear leaf measures compared to leaf area measures on primary and lateral leaves of Pinot noir vines in the north Willamette Valley of Oregon. Maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width, mid-vein length and the distance between the central and interior lateral lobe tips were positively associated with total leaf area. Leaf width at the petiole junction was not a suitable measure. A second study was conducted to evaluate methods for quantifying vine leaf area and leaf distribution in moderate and high vigor VSP canopies, where dense foliage and interlacing shoots and tendrils can make vine measurements difficult. Traditional point quadrat analysis, digital photography, and a template leaf area method were compared to leaf areas determined by destructive sampling. Results show that point quadrat analysis severely overestimated the number of shaded canopy leaves in dense VSP systems. Results from the digital photography pixel recognition program correlated green pixels with leaf exposure but was not in good agreement with exterior canopy leaf area. The template leaf area method results confirm that it can accurately estimate total vine leaf area. The third study was developed to integrate these canopy quantification techniques with understanding how the leaf area: yield relationship affects fruit composition at harvest in cool climate Pinot noir grapes. A range of leaf area to yield ratios was created by cluster thinning vines to two crop levels. The study was replicated across four commercial vineyards with varying levels of moderate and high vigor. Results indicate that crop thinning had no impact on canopy leaf area, and there was limited impact of yield on fruit composition over two seasons. The studies included herein aimed to develop and evaluate methods for estimating leaf area within VSP-trained canopies in the Willamette Valley. Results of this work will provide improved methods by which viticulture researchers and whole-plant physiologists can employ to determine leaf area as a measure of vine productivity, and better understanding of source-sink relationships in managed canopies.

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 10,2 MB
Release : 2018-04-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 0444640495

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Vibrational Spectroscopy for Plant Varieties and Cultivars Characterization, Volume 80, provides an overview on the application of vibrational spectroscopy to characterize plant cultivars and varieties. It covers a variety of aspects, including the potential of this technique for taxonomic purposes (species and cultivars/varieties identification), how to discriminate plants according to their ages and geographic regions, how to depict soil properties through plant characteristics, etc. Currently, most of these studies are performed through somewhat laborious techniques. This book presents reliable alternatives to such techniques, while also systematizing information concerning the application of vibration spectroscopy in this context. Guides academics through the application of vibrational spectroscopy Presents a valuable source of information for plant producers

Author : James Matthew Meyers
Publisher :
Page : 101 pages
File Size : 27,97 MB
Release : 2011
Category :
ISBN :

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Effective control of winegrape fruit quality requires the simultaneous consideration of multiple response models including: the relationship between the chemical profile of harvested fruit and the organoleptic qualities of a finished wine; a mechanistic understanding of key flavor and aroma compound biosynthesis; and the role of physical vineyard parameters in these biosynthetic processes. Any attempt to predictably influence the performance of a winegrape cropping system, with respect to flavor and aroma, requires the ability to both measure the relevant physical parameters of that system and to accurately manipulate them to achieve a deliberate and quantitative response. Although the sub-discipline of precision viticulture has established that a quantitative understanding of plot-scale spatial variability can guide cultural inputs toward plot-scale consistency, the existence and small-scale spatial patterns and their effect on precision management have not been extensively studied. The experiments presented here were designed to: 1) improve the precision and increase the spatial resolution of commonly used viticultural research methods with the goal of identifying, characterizing and quantifying small-scale spatial patterns in fruiting-zone of winegrape canopies; 2) explore the impact of small-scale spatial structure on the efficacy of common plot-level cultural inputs; 3) develop methods for optimizing vineyard research and commercial production operations within known parametric spatial patterns at multiple scales; and, 4) explore the potential application of these methods in the control of a specific sunlight-sensitive compound vital to the organoleptic qualities of Riesling wine. The development and application of new computational methods for managing both the data volume of high-resolution models and the combinatorial complexities of multi-objective vineyard optimization, resulted in: new quantitative metrics for describing fruit-zone sunlight regimes; the discovery and quantification of small-scale culturally-induced microclimatic spatial patterns; the discovery that small-scale spatial patterns can negatively impact the efficacy of plotscale cultural inputs; and an enhanced understanding of the relationship between canopy microclimatic variability and concentrations of C13-norisoprenoids in Riesling grapes. To date, the software tools developed within the scope of dissertation have been adopted by researchers and winegrape growers in a dozen countries and 14 U.S. states for use in the study and optimization of crop performance and fruit metabolite profiles.

Author : Ted Goldammer
Publisher :
Page : 482 pages
File Size : 40,8 MB
Release : 2018
Category : Grape industry
ISBN : 9780967521251

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"Updated and revised to keep pace with developments, the third edition of Grape Grower's Handbook: a Guide to Viticulture for Wine Production is meant to be a stand-alone publication that describes all aspects of wine grape production. The book is written in a nontechnical format designed to be practical and well-suited for vineyard applications."--Back cover.

Author : Kalliopi Apostolos Roubelakis-Angelakis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 516 pages
File Size : 27,79 MB
Release : 2001
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780792369493

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Grapevine is one of the major cultivated plant crops. As with most woody plant species, molecular biology and biotechnology have progressed at a slow pace, due to several obstacles which have had to be overcome. However, substantial progress has now been made and useful information has been accumulated in the literature; numerous genes have been characterized from grapevine and significant progress has been made in the molecular and non-molecular biotechnological applications. In an effort to collect and present the state of the art on grapevine molecular biology and biotechnology, 41 scientists from 12 countries worked jointly on the preparation of this book. It is intended as a reference book for viticulturists, graduate and undergraduate students, biotechnological companies, and any scientist who is interested in molecular biology and biotechnology of plants with emphasis on grapevine.

Author : Markus Keller
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 522 pages
File Size : 36,2 MB
Release : 2015-01-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0124200087

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The Science of Grapevines: Anatomy and Physiology is an introduction to the physical structure of the grapevine, its various organs, their functions and their interactions with the environment. Beginning with a brief overview of the botanical classification (including an introduction to the concepts of species, cultivars, clones, and rootstocks), plant morphology and anatomy, and growth cycles of grapevines, The Science of Grapevines covers the basic concepts in growth and development, water relations, photosynthesis and respiration, mineral uptake and utilization, and carbon partitioning. These concepts are put to use to understand plant-environment interactions including canopy dynamics, yield formation, and fruit composition, and concludes with an introduction to stress physiology, including water stress (drought and flooding), nutrient deficiency and excess, extreme temperatures (heat and cold), and the impact and response to of other organisms. Based on the author’s years of teaching grapevine anatomy as well as his research experience with grapevines and practical experience growing grapes, this book provides an important guide to understanding the entire plant. Chapter 7 broken into two chapters, now "Environmental Constraints and Stress Physiology and Chapter 8 "Living with Other Organisms" to better reflect specific concepts Integration of new research results including: Latest research on implementing drip irrigation to maximize sugar accumulation within grapes Effect of drought stress on grapevine’s hydraulic system and options for optimum plant maintenance in drought conditions The recently discovered plant hormone – strigolactones – and their contribution of apical dominance that has suddenly outdated dogma on apical dominance control Chapter summaries added Key literature references missed in the first edition as well as references to research completed since the 1e publication will be added