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Author : American Society for Testing and Materials Publisher : ASTM International Page : 442 pages File Size : 28,4 MB Release : 1970 Category : Science ISBN : 9780803100633
This report seeks to offer a best current assessment of the several elevated temperature properties that commonly form the basis for establishing allowable stresses or design stress intensity values. The results are presented in a form readily usable for that purpose. The data that are evaluated are those that have become available since the publication in 1955 of ASTM Data Series Publication DS 11 (formerly STP No. 180), Elevated Temperature Properties of Carbon Steels, as well as selected data from that earlier publication. The body of the report provides, in text, tables and figures, details concerning the materials, the evaluation procedures that were employed, and the results.
This report seeks to offer a best current assessment of the several elevated temperature properties that commonly form the basis for establishing allowable stresses or design stress intensity values. The results are presented in a form readily usable for that purpose. The data that are evaluated are those that have become available since the publication in 1955 of ASTM Data Series Publication DS 11 (formerly STP No. 180), Elevated Temperature Properties of Carbon Steels, as well as selected data from that earlier publication. The body of the report provides, in text, tables and figures, details concerning the materials, the evaluation procedures that were employed, and the results.
Internal erosion processes in earth structures and their foundations may increase the failure risk of such structures. Suffusion, one of the main internal erosion processes, selectively erodes the fine particles that move through the coarser grains. Thus to ensure the safety assessment of these structures, it is important to characterize the soil suffusion susceptibility. Most of suffusion tests described in literature were performed under vertical flow, whereas the flow in earth structures can be horizontal as well. To study the potential influence of the flow direction, a new apparatus is developed and a series of suffusion tests is carried out. Two cohesionless soils which slightly differ from each other in their gradations are tested. The results show that both soils are slightly more resistant under horizontal flow and they highlight the combined effect of the hydraulic loading and the gravity on the detached particles. For specimens constituted by two layers of each soil and under both flow directions, the suffusion susceptibility is mainly influenced by the more erodible soil when the flow is parallel to the soil horizons. While the suffusion susceptibility mainly depends on the more resistant soil when the flow is perpendicular to soil horizons. Moreover a method is proposed to select the pore opening size of the downstream filter in order to avoid any underestimation of the soil suffusion susceptibility. Due to the great length of earth structures, and the heterogeneity of soils, it is important to optimize the experimental campaigns, thanks to a statistical analysis. From the database of suffusion tests of our team and complementary tests performed on seven soils, an estimation of the erosion resistance index is proposed, which is based on four parameters, which are quite easy to measure.