[PDF] Cellular Stress In The Mammalian Preimplantation Embryo eBook

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 512 pages
File Size : 30,87 MB
Release : 2016-07-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 0128016175

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Mammalian Preimplantation Development, the latest volume in the Current Topics in Developmental Biology series covers mammalian preimplantation development, and includes contributions from an international board of authors. The book's chapters provide a comprehensive set of reviews covering such topics as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and biological significance. Covers the area of mammalian preimplantation development Includes contributions from an International board of authors Provides a comprehensive set of reviews covering such topics as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and biological significance

Author : Henry J. Leese
Publisher : Springer
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 43,66 MB
Release : 2015-05-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 149392480X

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The book considers signaling events from the zygote embryo through to the blastocyst with relevant data from embryonic stem (ES) cells, including dialogue with the extracellular environment and with the maternal tract during the implantation process. Application of the knowledge described to improve the success of human and animal assisted conception is considered where appropriate, but the focus is largely on fundamental rather than applied cell/molecular biology, as this is the area that has historically been neglected. While the general features of metabolism during preimplantation development are well established, especially in terms of nutrient requirements, uptake and fate, remarkably little is known about early embryo signaling events, intracellular or intercellular, between individual embryos in vitro or with the female reproductive tract in vivo. This contrasts with the wealth of information on cell signaling in somatic cells and tissues, as a glance at any textbook of biochemistry illustrates. This lack of information is such that our understanding of the molecular cell biology of early embryos -- a prerequisite to defining the mechanisms which regulate development at this critical stage of the life cycle -- is seriously incomplete. This volume is the first to address this issue by describing the current state of knowledge on cell signaling during mammalian early embryo development and highlighting priority areas for research.

Author : Barry D. Bavister
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 389 pages
File Size : 22,20 MB
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 1468453327

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With a few notable exceptions, mammalian preimplantation embryos grown in vitro are likely to exhibit sub-optimal or retarded development. This may be manifested in different ways, depending on the species and on the stage(s) of embryonic development that are being examined. For example, bovine embryos often experience difficulty in cleaving under in vitro conditions, and usually cease development at about the 8-cell stage (Wright and Bondioli, 1981). The block to development is stage-dependent; embryos cultured for 24 hr from the I-cell stage are much more capable of developing into viable blastocysts after transfer to oviducts than embryos cultured for 24 hr from the 4-cell stage prior to transfer (Eyestone et oZ. , 1985). Similar problems with in vitro embryo development are encountered in other species. Pig embryos can be grown up to the 4-cell stage in vitro but usually no further (Davis and Day, 1978). In the golden hamster, in the rat and in many outbred strains of mice, development of zygotes in vitro is blocked at the 2-cell stage (Yanagimachi and Chang, 1964; Whittingham, 1975). Even with some inbred mouse strains, embryo development is reduced if very early cleavage stages are used as the starting point for in vitro culture (Spielmann et oZ. , 1980). A common finding is that embryos grown in vitro have reduced cell counts (Harlow and Quinn, 1982; Kane, 1985) and their viability is reduced (Bowman and McLaren, 1970; Papaioannou and Ebert, 1986) compared to equivalent developmental stages recovered from mated animals.

Author : Barry D. Bavister
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 359 pages
File Size : 40,21 MB
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 1461393175

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This volume contains the Proceedings of the Serono Symposium on Pre implantation Embryo Development, held in Newton, Massachusetts, in 1991. The idea for the symposium grew out of the 1989 Serono Symposium on Fertilization in Mammals* at which preimplantation development was the predominant suggestion for a follow-up topic. This was indeed a timely subject in view of the recent resurgence of interest in this funda mental phase of embryogenesis and its relevance to basic research and applied fertility studies in humans, food-producing animals, and endangered species. The symposium brought together speakers from a broad range of disciplines in order to focus on key regulatory mechanisms in embryo development, using a wide variety of animal models, and on representative topics in human preimplantation embryogenesis. The culmination of preimplantation development is a blastocyst con taining the first differentiated embryonic tissues and capable of initiating and sustaining pregnancy. The central objective of the symposium was to throw light on the regulation of cellular and molecular events underlying blastocyst formation. It was particularly appropriate that the date of the symposium marked the 20th anniversary of the publication of the classic volume Biology of the Blastocyst, the proceedings of an international workshop held in 1970. This book, which summarized most of the information then available on this topic in mammals, was edited by the pioneer in blastocyst research, Dr. Richard B1andau, who was the guest speaker at the symposium.

Author : Roxanne Fernandes
Publisher :
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 19,92 MB
Release : 2009
Category :
ISBN : 9780494765418

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Mammalian preimplantation embryo development is prone to high rates of early embryo demise. Two underlying causes for failed development include the effect of sub-optimal culture media and maternal lethal effect (MLE) genes. In line with the growing evidence, we hypothesize that embryo fate is determined by the outcome of specific intracellular interactions between pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins under suboptimal culture conditions such as HTF medium and oxidative stress. Characterization of Nalp5, a MLE gene resulting in 2-cell embryo arrest, also found a significantly higher expression of pro-apoptotic proteins in knockout oocytes and embryos. With the use of two anti-apoptotic peptides, TAT-BH4 and Bax-inhibiting peptide (BIP), we attempted to improve embryo development. Our results found that neither peptide was able to improve embryo development in the Nalp5 model, or the HTF model. However, TAT-BH4 is capable of significantly improving developmental competence in embryos cultured under oxidative stress. Our findings suggest that supplementation of TAT-BH4 in embryo culture medium may offer a novel and cost-effective technique to improve embryogenesis of cultured embryos. However, further studies are still required.

Author : Melvin L. Depamphilis
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 478 pages
File Size : 21,2 MB
Release : 2016-08-10
Category :
ISBN : 9780128014288

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"Mammalian Preimplantation Development," the latest volume in the Current Topics in Developmental Biology series covers mammalian preimplantation development, and includes contributions from an international board of authors. The book's chapters provide a comprehensive set of reviews covering such topics as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and biological significance. Covers the area of mammalian preimplantation developmentIncludes contributions from an International board of authors Provides a comprehensive set of reviews covering such topics as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and biological significance

Author : Patrick Quinn
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 307 pages
File Size : 29,21 MB
Release : 2014-03-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1139917358

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This volume describes culture media and solutions used in human ART; how they have been developed for in vitro human pre-implantation embryo development, the function and importance of the various components in media and solutions and how they interact, and how the systems in which these are used can influence outcomes. Chapters discuss inorganic solutes, energy substrates, amino acids, macromolecules, cytokines, growth factors, buffers, pH, osmolality, and the interaction of these parameters. The role of incubators and other physical factors are reviewed, along with the relevance and prospects of emerging technologies: morphokinetic analysis using time-lapse imaging and dynamic fluid incubation systems. Results of prospective randomized trials are emphasized to ascertain the added value of these techniques for selecting viable embryos. This comprehensive guide will be invaluable for embryologists, physicians and all personnel involved in the fluid products used in human ART seeking to optimize their successful use of these components.