[PDF] Cardiac Remodeling New Insights In Physiological And Pathological Adaptations eBook

Author : Leonardo Roever
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 119 pages
File Size : 40,11 MB
Release : 2017-11-15
Category :
ISBN : 2889453316

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The effective management of Cardiac remodeling(CR), remains a major challenge. Heart failure remains the leading cause of death in industrialized countries. Yet, despite the enormity of the problem, effective therapeutic interventions remain elusive. In fact, several initially promising agents were found to decrease mortality in patients recovering from myocardial infarction. Cardiac remodeling is defined as molecular and interstitial changes, manifested clinically by changes in size, mass , geometry and function of the heart in response to certain aggression. Initially, ventricular remodeling aims to maintain stable cardiac function in situations of aggression.

Author : Bohuslav Ostadal
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 467 pages
File Size : 44,99 MB
Release : 2012-10-12
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1461452023

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This book summarizes present knowledge of different mechanisms involved in the development of positive and negative consequences of cardiac adaptation. Particular attention is paid to the still underestimated adaptive cardiac responses during development, to adaptation to the frequently occurring pressure and volume overload as well as to cardiac changes, induced by enduring exercise and chronic hypoxia. Cardiac Adaptations will be of great value to cardiovascular investigators, who will find this book highly useful in their cardiovascular studies for finding solutions in diverse pathological conditions; it will also appeal to students, fellows, scientists, and clinicians interested in cardiovascular abnormalities.

Author : Asim K. Duttaroy
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 49,76 MB
Release : 2024-04-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 0323995713

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Cellular, Molecular and Environmental Contribution in Cardiac Remodeling: From Lab Bench to Clinical Perspective consolidates the most recent research advances on cellular, molecular, biochemical, and heterogeneous factors contributing to the physiological and pathological cardiac remodeling, elucidating their mechanisms of action and the clinical outcomes of cardiac remodeling. It extensively covers the factors determining cardiac remodeling, including cardiomyocyte regeneration, cardiac stem cells and their therapeutic potential, cardiac resident pericytes, the role of natural bioactive compounds in cardiac remodeling, chronic cardiac adaptations to exercise and more. This book provides basic science researchers and clinical investigators in cardiology with a current and comprehensive resource on molecular mechanisms and contributing factors to cardiac remodeling, and its effects and impacts on heart health. New research areas for the future, aimed at preventing, limiting, and reversing bad remodeling, are also discussed. Provides a concise summary of recent developments in cardiac remodeling research, combining novel information and the latest data published in this field Discusses not only cellular and molecular factors impacting cardiac remodeling, but also environmental contributions such as lifestyle and exercise Identifies areas for future research and potential novel strategies for translating basic research knowledge to applications in patients

Author : Giorgio Iervasi
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 436 pages
File Size : 44,41 MB
Release : 2020-03-19
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3030368718

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In recent years, several scientific papers have highlighted the role of the thyroid system in cardioprotection, and several clinical studies – including multicenter studies – have identified the role of thyroid hormones (TH) in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease, making an update of TH and heart relationship both necessary and timely. This second edition of Thyroid and Heart failure provides a careful and updated review of the experimental, clinical and epidemiological results in the field of TH and heart failure, with a particular focus on the translational - bench to bedside - significance of the obtained results. It discusses topics such as the molecular, structural, functional, cellular and histological cardiac changes; the reversibility of these changes with TH replacement therapy; the systemic effects – kidney, hormonal pathways systems, brain, muscle, etc – of altered TH metabolism in HF, as well as the clinical and prognostic implications. The section devoted to the potential therapeutic treatments has been expanded. Thanks to its translational approach to this highly complex subject, the book will be of interest to a broad readership, including cardiologists, endocrinologists and internists.

Author : Gabriel Grilo
Publisher :
Page : 109 pages
File Size : 36,59 MB
Release : 2020
Category :
ISBN :

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Cardiac remodeling is composed of molecular, cellular, and interstitial changes in the cardiac tissue that affect the size, shape, and function of the heart. There are two types of cardiac remodeling: physiological and pathological remodeling. Physiological remodeling of the heart is an adaptation of the organ based on the body's demand, such as changes due to physical exercises and during aging. Cardiac pathological remodeling can occur due to the evolution of a chronic disorder in the cardiovascular system or after an acute injury, such as myocardial infarction (MI). In this thesis, we investigated both physiological and pathological cardiac remodeling, with particular focus on the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Determining the mechanisms involved in cardiac remodeling by changes in ECM provides insight to distinguish the local and functional changes from external risk factors; and it provides identification of novel targets that could be used as therapeutic approaches to reduce cardiac dysfunction. In our first study, we hypothesized that changes in ECM composition during physiological remodeling with age occurs in a sex-specific manner, since cardiac function varies between sexes among cardiovascular disease patients. We assessed cardiac parameters using both conventional echocardiography and speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). Our results suggest that STE allows for early detection of changes in cardiac function between sexes during aging. ECM factors involved in collagen metabolism, such as decorin, osteopontin, Cthrc1, and Ddr1 expression were age-dependent but sex-independent; while periostin, lysyl oxidase, and Mrc2 displayed age-dependent and sex specific differences. These data highlight the importance of including sex-differences analysis when studying cardiac aging. In our second study, we investigated the role of a collagen-derived matricryptin in pathological remodeling. Matricryptins are biologically active peptides, generated from ECM proteolysis, able to regulate cell function and survival. We tested the potential of the matricryptin p1159 to reduce adverse cardiac remodeling using a rodent MI model. A previous study from our lab showed that p1159 plasma levels negatively correlate with left ventricle (LV) filling pressure, suggesting a beneficial role against adverse remodeling. In this thesis, we found that p1159 increases cardiac fibroblast migration by activating RhoA pathways via the membrane receptor integrin alpha 4. Fibroblast migration is an essential step during cardiac healing. In addition, p1159 significantly improved cardiac function post-MI by inducing the formation of a compliant and organized infarct scar, which promoted LV contractility and preserved the structural integrity of the heart. Our data strongly supports matricryptin p1159 as a therapeutic treatment to reduce adverse remodeling post-MI.

Author : Gianfranco Sinagra
Publisher : Springer
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 43,17 MB
Release : 2019-05-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 303013864X

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This open access book presents a comprehensive overview of dilated cardiomyopathy, providing readers with practical guidelines for its clinical management. The first part of the book analyzes in detail the disease’s pathophysiology, its diagnostic work up as well as the prognostic stratification, and illustrates the role of genetics and gene-environment interaction. The second part presents current and future treatment options, highlighting the importance of long-term and individualized treatments and follow-up. Furthermore, it discusses open issues, such as the apparent healing phenomenon, the early prognosis of arrhythmic events or the use of genetic testing in clinical practice. Offering a multidisciplinary approach for optimizing the clinical management of DCM, this book is an invaluable aid not only for the clinical cardiologists, but for all physicians involved in the care of this challenging disease.

Author : Dr. Barbara N. Horowitz
Publisher : Doubleday Canada
Page : 451 pages
File Size : 24,52 MB
Release : 2012-06-12
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0385670613

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Engaging science writing that bravely approaches a new frontier in medical science and offers a whole new way of looking at the deep kinship between animals and human beings. Zoobiquity: a species-spanning approach to medicine bringing doctors and veterinarians together to improve the health of all species and their habitats. In the tradition of Temple Grandin, Oliver Sacks, and Neil Shubin, this is a remarkable narrative science book arguing that animal and human commonality can be used to diagnose, treat, and ultimately heal human patients. Through case studies of various species--human and animal kind alike--the authors reveal that a cross-species approach to medicine makes us not only better able to treat psychological and medical conditions but helps us understand our deep connection to other species with whom we share much more than just a planet. This revelatory book reaches across many disciplines--evolution, anthropology, sociology, biology, cutting-edge medicine and zoology--providing fascinating insights into the connection between animals and humans and what animals can teach us about the human body and mind.

Author : Mani T. Valarmathi
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 182 pages
File Size : 27,75 MB
Release : 2020-01-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 1789239672

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The three different types of muscle tissue found in the animal kingdom are cardiac, skeletal, and smooth. The muscle cells are not only complex but also fascinating. In recent years there has been substantial advances in our understanding of muscle cell biology, especially in areas of molecular anatomy, basic physiology, understanding disease mechanisms, and therapeutic targets. Consequently, this book mainly focuses not only on the biology of myocytes, but also on all-encompassing disciplines pertaining to muscle tissue, such as fundamental physiology, molecular mechanisms of diseases, muscle regeneration, etc. for all three types of muscle, namely, skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. As a result, the goal of this book is to consolidate the recent advances in the area of muscle biology/diseases/regeneration covering a broad range of interrelated topics in a timely fashion and to disseminate that knowledge in a lucid way to a greater scientific audience. This book will prove highly useful for students, researchers, and clinicians in muscle cell biology, exercise physiology/science, stem cell biology, developmental biology, cancer biology, pathology, oncology, as well as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This quick reference will benefit anyone desiring a thorough knowledge pertaining to recent advances in muscle biology in the context of health and disease.

Author : E. Gratacós
Publisher : S. Karger AG (Switzerland)
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 13,91 MB
Release : 2012
Category : Fetal heart
ISBN : 9783318022186

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Fetal echocardiography was initially used to detect structural anomalies, but has more recently also been proposed to assess fetal cardiac function. Functional echocardiography has been demonstrated to select high-risk populations and has been seen to have an effect on the outcome of several fetal conditions. Because of the small size and high heart rate and the restricted access away from the transducer, cardiovascular parameters should be validated but used with caution in the fetus. This special issue on fetal cardiac function is a collection of review and original articles showing several potential clinical and research applications of functional echocardiography in intrauterine growth restriction, twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, congenital heart disease and aneuploides. The insights provided show that fetal cardiac function assessment is a promising tool that may soon be incorporated into clinical practice to diagnose, monitor or predict outcome in some fetal conditions. Therefore, this special issue on 'fetal cardiac function' provides valuable reading for clinicians and researchers in fetal medicine and cardiology who are interested in the fetal heart.