[PDF] Calderas And Their Origin eBook

Author : Gerardo J. Aguirre-Diaz
Publisher : Newnes
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 15,64 MB
Release : 2018-06-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080931739

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The Mexican Volcanic Belt is a complex continental-margin volcanic province that crosses central Mexico from the Pacific coast to the Gulf of Mexico coast and forms part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. The book focuses on the calderas in the central portion of this belt, where calderas are more abundant and less well known than those in the eastern and western sectors of the province. Many caldera descriptions are published here for the first time. The calderas and related ignimbrites cover a wide span in time and space, with a Miocene-Pliocene age range. Very interesting magmatic and volcanic processes occur in each particular caldera and each caldera-ignimbrite description is unique. This book gives a description of these various processes and aligns them with what is known globally and provides geoscientists with a better understanding of the regional context of the calderas in the Mexican Volcanic Belt. Describes in detail the large range in textures and compositions of ignimbrites and includes new information about calderas in Mexico Provides a geologic map and stratigraphic type sections of the ignimbrites and associated calderas Summarizes over 20 years of research by the most recognized expert on calderas in Mexico - his expertise on the subject is well recognized internationally

Author : Joachim Gottsmann
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 517 pages
File Size : 40,61 MB
Release : 2011-09-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080558976

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This volume aims at providing answers to some puzzling questions concerning the formation and the behavior of collapse calderas by exploring our current understanding of these complex geological processes. Addressed are problems such as:- How do collapse calderas form? - What are the conditions to create fractures and slip along them to initiate caldera collapse and when are these conditions fulfilled? - How do these conditions relate to explosive volcanism?- Most products of large caldera-forming eruptions show evidence for pre-eruptive reheating. Is this a pre-requisite to produce large volume eruptions and large calderas?- What are the time-scales behind caldera processes? - How long does it take magma to reach conditions ripe enough to generate a caldera-forming eruption?- What is the mechanical behavior of magma chamber walls during caldera collapse? Elastic, viscoelastic, or rigid? - Do calderas form by underpressure following a certain level of magma withdrawal from a reservoir, or by magma chamber loading due to deep doming (underplating), or both?- How to interpret unrest signals in active caldera systems?- How can we use information from caldera monitoring to forecast volcanic phenomena?In the form of 14 contributions from various disciplines this book samples the state-of-the-art of caldera studies and identifies still unresolved key issues that need dedicated cross-boundary and multidisciplinary efforts in the years to come. International contributions from leading experts Updates and informs on all the latest developments Highlights hot topic areas and identifies and analyzes unresolved key issues

Author : Donald Bowes
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 635 pages
File Size : 30,32 MB
Release : 1990-02-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 0442206232

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Featuring over 250 contributions from more than 100 earth scientists from 18 countries, The Encyclopedia of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology deals with the nature and genesis of igneous rocks that have crystallized from molten magma, and of metamorphic rocks that are the products of re-crystallization associated with increases in temperature and pressure, mainly at considerable depths in the Earth's crust. Entries range from alkaline rocks to zeolite facies - providing information on the mineralogical, chemical and textural characters of rock types, the development of concepts and the present state of knowledge across the spectrum of igneous and metamorphic petrology, together with extensive lists of both commonly used and little used terms and bibliographies.

Author : Haraldur Sigurdsson
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 1447 pages
File Size : 13,77 MB
Release : 2015-03-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 0123859395

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Volcanoes are unquestionably one of the most spectacular and awe-inspiring features of the physical world. Our paradoxical fascination with them stems from their majestic beauty and powerful, sometimes deadly, destructiveness. Notwithstanding the tremendous advances in volcanology since ancient times, some of the mystery surrounding volcanic eruptions remains today. The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes summarizes our present knowledge of volcanoes; it provides a comprehensive source of information on the causes of volcanic eruptions and both the destructive and beneficial effects. The early chapters focus on the science of volcanism (melting of source rocks, ascent of magma, eruption processes, extraterrestrial volcanism, etc.). Later chapters discuss human interface with volcanoes, including the history of volcanology, geothermal energy resources, interaction with the oceans and atmosphere, health aspects of volcanism, mitigation of volcanic disasters, post-eruption ecology, and the impact of eruptions on organismal biodiversity. Provides the only comprehensive reference work to cover all aspects of volcanology Written by nearly 100 world experts in volcanology Explores an integrated transition from the physical process of eruptions through hazards and risk, to the social face of volcanism, with an emphasis on how volcanoes have influenced and shaped society Presents hundreds of color photographs, maps, charts and illustrations making this an aesthetically appealing reference Glossary of 3,000 key terms with definitions of all key vocabulary items in the field is included