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This book presents a widespread description of the synthesis and characterization of biomass-based carbon nanostructures. It also covers the vital applications of these materials in supercapacitors and for next-generation energy storage devices. It describes the common design procedures, advantages and disadvantages of biomass-based carbon nanostructures and offers novel visions into the forthcoming directions. In addition, this book will provide new updates about the effect of doping and structural twist on the electrochemical performance of electrode materials derived from biomass sources. The book will be useful for beginners, researchers, and professionals working in the area of carbon nanomaterials and their applications in energy storage devices.
Bio-derived Carbon Nanostructures: Fundamentals, Synthesis and Applications explores the entire journey, from selecting the right source materials to crafting them into precisely engineered carbon nanostructures with a purpose. Opening with an exploration of raw materials and their structural intricacies, offering readers a profound insight into the transformation of bio-based resources into highly functional carbon nanostructures. These remarkable materials find applications that span energy, environmental solutions, catalysis, and innovative additives. Unveiling the latest technological advancements, this book delves into the exciting realm of emerging applications and the challenges of scaling up these technologies for widespread use. These novel materials originate from nature, promising a sustainable future. Ideal for students, researchers and those in industry focusing on materials science and biomass utilization, and chemical engineers, this book is the key to unlocking the potential of novel carbon-based nanomaterials for a sustainable tomorrow. Presents the art of crafting bio-derived carbon nanostructures, their applications, and scale up issues Unveils the secrets behind various fabrication techniques and provides background for manufacturing. Embarks on a journey through the fundamentals of process-property relationships and cutting-edge characterization methods Explores and compares diverse preparation and characterization techniques, unveiling their remarkable outcomes
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments and materials used in electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices, including lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, zinc-ion batteries, supercapacitors and conversion materials for solar and fuel cells. Chapters introduce the technologies behind each material, in addition to the fundamental principles of the devices, and their wider impact and contribution to the field. This book will be an ideal reference for researchers and individuals working in industries based on energy storage and conversion technologies across physics, chemistry and engineering. FEATURES Edited by established authorities, with chapter contributions from subject-area specialists Provides a comprehensive review of the field Up to date with the latest developments and research Editors Dr. Mesfin A. Kebede obtained his PhD in Metallurgical Engineering from Inha University, South Korea. He is now a principal research scientist at Energy Centre of Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), South Africa. He was previously an assistant professor in the Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science at Hawassa University, Ethiopia. His extensive research experience covers the use of electrode materials for energy storage and energy conversion. Prof. Fabian I. Ezema is a professor at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. He obtained his PhD in Physics and Astronomy from University of Nigeria, Nsukka. His research focuses on several areas of materials science with an emphasis on energy applications, specifically electrode materials for energy conversion and storage.
Carbon materials are one of the most fascinating materials because of their unique properties and potential use in several applications. They can be obtained from residues or by using advanced synthesis technologies like chemical vapor deposition. The carbon family is very broad, ranging from classical activated carbons to more advanced species such as carbon nanotubes and graphene. The surface chemistry is one of the most interesting aspects of this broad family of materials, which allows the incorporation of different types of chemical functionalities or heteroatoms on the carbon surface, such as O, N, B, S, or P, which can modify the acid–base character, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, or the electronic properties of these materials and, thus, determine the final application. This book represents a collection of original research articles and communications focused on the synthesis, properties, and applications of heteroatom-doped functional carbon materials.
Supercapacitors, also known as electrochemical capacitors or ultracapacitors, have been playing an ever increasing important role in bridging the performance gap between electrolytic capacitors and batteries since their inception in the 1960s. Either working as an independent power source or as a complement for batteries, therefore, supercapacitors have been indispensable in a number of applications due to their extraordinary high power density and fit-and-forget benefit. More recently, with the increasing awareness of their performance characteristics, supercapacitors are finding their way to more applicable niche markets. As the major working medium inside supercapacitors, high surface area activated carbon is dominating current commercial supercapacitors. Over the past decades, major advances have occurred in both understanding and improving the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. In this work, some novel porous carbon nanostructures have been investigated as a substitute or performance enhancer for activated carbon inside supercapacitors. Moreover, we also summarized the inconsistencies for supercapacitors performance evaluation and provided some possible solutions. Chapter 1 provided a general overview of the basic working principle of supercapacitors and their constituting components (aka electrode, electrolyte, separator, current collector and additives). Chapter 2 presented a novel electrode fabrication method, named vacuum filtration deposition, to produce graphene-based supercapacitor electrodes. This vacuum filtration deposition method greatly improved the mass loading of graphene-based supercapacitor electrodes and therefore increased their energy storage ability. Chapter 3 discussed the effect of graphene morphology on the electrochemical performance of resulting supercapacitor electrodes. We concluded that crumpled graphene is favorable in supercapacitor applications compared to their planar counterpart. Chapter 4 demonstrated the performance enhancement of conventional activated carbon based supercapacitor upon graphene addition. 50 % increase in power density was concluded, which might have profound practical impact to the industry. Chapter 5 summarized some of the inconsistencies we encountered for the evaluation of supercapacitors, which severely hindered effective communication in the field. We clarified those inconsistencies and proposed some approaches to mediate this issue. Chapter 6 recapped the major conclusions from our study and listed some possible future work.
Nanostructured, Functional, and Flexible Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage Systems gathers and reviews developments within the field of nanostructured functional materials towards energy conversion and storage. Contributions from leading research groups involved in interdisciplinary research in the fields of chemistry, physics and materials science and engineering are presented. Chapters dealing with the development of nanostructured materials for energy conversion processes, including oxygen reduction, methanol oxidation, oxygen evolution, hydrogen evolution, formic acid oxidation and solar cells are discussed. The work concludes with a look at the application of nanostructured functional materials in energy storage system, such as supercapacitors and batteries. With its distinguished international team of expert contributors, this book will be an indispensable tool for anyone involved in the field of energy conversion and storage, including materials engineers, scientists and academics. Covers the importance of energy conversion and storage systems and the application of nanostructured functional materials toward energy-relevant catalytic processes Discusses the basic principles involved in energy conversion and storage systems Presents the role of nanostructured functional materials in the current scenario of energy-related research and development
This book provides a comprehensive account of past, present and future of the biomass based biorefineries. It is an all-inclusive and insightful compilation of recent advancements in the technology and methods used for conversion of biomass to bioenergy and other useful biochemicals. The book also focuses on the limitations of existing technologies and provides the future prospects, as well as discusses socio-economic impact of biomass based biorefineries. This book assists researchers in the area of lignocellulosic biorefineries and can be used by the students, scientist and academician as an advanced reference textbook.
Materials for Supercapacitor Applications provides a snapshot of the present status of this rapidly growing field. It covers motivations, innovations, ongoing breakthroughs in research and development, innovative materials, impacts, and perspectives, as well as the challenges and technical barriers to identifying an ideal material for practical applications. This comprehensive reference by electro-chemists explains concepts in materials selection and their unique applications based on their electro-chemical properties. Chemists, chemical and electrical engineers, material scientists, and research scholars and students interested in energy will benefit from this overview of many important reference points in understanding the materials used in supercapacitors. Provides an overview of the formulation for new materials and how to characterize them for supercapacitor applications Describes all the information on the available materials for supercapacitor applications Outlines potential material characterization methods Discusses perspectives and future directions of the field
This book presents an analysis of the techniques used for the synthesis of innovative functional carbon nanostructures. The chapters describe the research and development of various layered carbon nanostructures. Emphasis is given to the impact of defects on carbon nanostructures. The application of carbon nanostructured materials in biomedical field and energy storage is described.