[PDF] Behavioral Clinical Trials For Chronic Diseases eBook

Author : Lynda H. Powell
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 17,35 MB
Release : 2021-10-13
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 3030393305

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This is the first comprehensive guide to the design of behavioral randomized clinical trials (RCT) for chronic diseases. It includes the scientific foundations for behavioral trial methods, problems that have been encountered in past behavioral trials, advances in design that have evolved, and promising trends and opportunities for the future. The value of this book lies in its potential to foster an ability to “speak the language of medicine” through the conduct of high-quality behavioral clinical trials that match the rigor commonly seen in double-blind drug trials. It is relevant for testing any treatment aimed at improving a behavioral, social, psychosocial, environmental, or policy-level risk factor for a chronic disease including, for example, obesity, sedentary behavior, adherence to treatment, psychosocial stress, food deserts, and fragmented care. Outcomes of interest are those that are of clinical significance in the treatment of chronic diseases, including standard risk factors such as cholesterol, blood pressure, and glucose, and clinical outcomes such as hospitalizations, functional limitations, excess morbidity, quality of life, and mortality. This link between behavior and chronic disease requires innovative clinical trial methods not only from the behavioral sciences but also from medicine, epidemiology, and biostatistics. This integration does not exist in any current book, or in any training program, in either the behavioral sciences or medicine.

Author : Joel E. Dimsdale
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 307 pages
File Size : 33,32 MB
Release : 2013-10-31
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 131784386X

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The number of, and interest in, quality of life studies has grown dramatically in the last decade. On an ever increasing basis, patients, clinicians, researchers, and health policy regulators are considering quality of life in assessing treatment alternatives. Unfortunately, most discussions of quality of life are narrow in scope -- applying to only one disease group. This unique book represents the concerted effort of experts in academia, federal government health care regulators, and pharmaceutical industry representatives to define the promise and the problems associated with quality of life studies. The issues covered range from cross cutting ones to those that are specific to particular illnesses. Because quality of life takes into consideration such domains as mood, vocation, family, sexual functioning, social participation, and costs, this book will serve as an invaluable companion to readers with an interest in behavioral medicine research.

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 221 pages
File Size : 25,8 MB
Release : 2001-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0309171148

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Clinical trials are used to elucidate the most appropriate preventive, diagnostic, or treatment options for individuals with a given medical condition. Perhaps the most essential feature of a clinical trial is that it aims to use results based on a limited sample of research participants to see if the intervention is safe and effective or if it is comparable to a comparison treatment. Sample size is a crucial component of any clinical trial. A trial with a small number of research participants is more prone to variability and carries a considerable risk of failing to demonstrate the effectiveness of a given intervention when one really is present. This may occur in phase I (safety and pharmacologic profiles), II (pilot efficacy evaluation), and III (extensive assessment of safety and efficacy) trials. Although phase I and II studies may have smaller sample sizes, they usually have adequate statistical power, which is the committee's definition of a "large" trial. Sometimes a trial with eight participants may have adequate statistical power, statistical power being the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the hypothesis is false. Small Clinical Trials assesses the current methodologies and the appropriate situations for the conduct of clinical trials with small sample sizes. This report assesses the published literature on various strategies such as (1) meta-analysis to combine disparate information from several studies including Bayesian techniques as in the confidence profile method and (2) other alternatives such as assessing therapeutic results in a single treated population (e.g., astronauts) by sequentially measuring whether the intervention is falling above or below a preestablished probability outcome range and meeting predesigned specifications as opposed to incremental improvement.

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 507 pages
File Size : 43,78 MB
Release : 2000-02-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0309132916

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At the dawn of the twenty-first century, Americans enjoyed better overall health than at any other time in the nation's history. Rapid advancements in medical technologies, breakthroughs in understanding the genetic underpinnings of health and ill health, improvements in the effectiveness and variety of pharmaceuticals, and other developments in biomedical research have helped develop cures for many illnesses and improve the lives of those with chronic diseases. By itself, however, biomedical research cannot address the most significant challenges to improving public health. Approximately half of all causes of mortality in the United States are linked to social and behavioral factors such as smoking, diet, alcohol use, sedentary lifestyle, and accidents. Yet less than five percent of the money spent annually on U.S. health care is devoted to reducing the risks of these preventable conditions. Behavioral and social interventions offer great promise, but as yet their potential has been relatively poorly tapped. Promoting Health identifies those promising areas of social science and behavioral research that may address public health needs. It includes 12 papersâ€"commissioned from some of the nation's leading expertsâ€"that review these issues in detail, and serves to assess whether the knowledge base of social and behavioral interventions has been useful, or could be useful, in the development of broader public health interventions.

Author : Kerm Henriksen
Publisher :
Page : 526 pages
File Size : 31,34 MB
Release : 2005
Category : Medical
ISBN :

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v. 1. Research findings -- v. 2. Concepts and methodology -- v. 3. Implementation issues -- v. 4. Programs, tools and products.

Author : Alan Christensen
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 43,51 MB
Release : 2008-04-15
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0470692782

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In Chronic Physical Disorders, the most prominent figures in the field of behavioral medicine argue why a biopsychosocial perspective is crucial to reducing the tremendous personal and societal burden of chronic disease.

Author : Xianli Lv
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 12,36 MB
Release : 2023-11-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 183768068X

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Clinical trials are research studies performed in people that are aimed at evaluating a medical device, drug, or surgical or behavioral intervention. They are the primary way that researchers find out if a new treatment, like a new drug or medical device (e. g., a neuroendovascular device) is safe and effective for patients. A clinical trial is used to confirm if a new treatment is more effective and/or has less harmful side effects than the standard treatment. Other clinical trials test methods of early disease detection, sometimes before there are any symptoms. Still, others test methods to prevent health problems. A clinical trial may also look at how to improve the quality of life in those individuals with a life-threatening disease or chronic health problem. Clinical trials sometimes even study the role of caregivers or support groups. Therefore, clinical trials are very important in the development of medicine. A good clinical trial can influence therapeutic modality and even transform our healthcare work. This book provides a comprehensive review of clinical trials.

Author : Chris J. Main
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Page : 822 pages
File Size : 27,56 MB
Release : 2015-02-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1496320298

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Nearly forty years after its original publication, one of the most influential textbooks on modern pain management is available again for today’s generation, in a unique and enhanced edition. Now complemented by expert, chapter-by-chapter commentaries from leading authorities on psychologically-oriented pain management and pain-associated disability, Fordyce’s Behavioral Methods for Chronic Pain and Illness blends Dr. Fordyce’s pioneering behavioral concepts with modern research and clinical practice. This innovative title is ideal for clinicians and researchers involved in the multidisciplinary assessment, treatment, and management of pain and pain-associated disorders, as well as anyone interested in behavioral approaches to chronic pain and illness.