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This is the first comprehensive book on the politics and economics of financial sector consolidation in an emerging market in West Africa. It draws on the author's twenty years experience working with multinationals in this oil-rich zone, to address key issues and examine banking reform in one of the world's fastest-growing economies.
This book captures Nigeria's crisis management experience and lessons learnt during the five-year tenure of Sanusi Lamido Sanusi as CBN Governor. It provides a backdrop of the sub-prime mortgage crisis in the US characterised by the Lehman Brothers debacle in 2007-08, which precipitated global economic and financial crisis.
Banking and corporate governance reform is an ongoing phenomenon which has received intense global attention after the 2008 global financial crisis. This is particularly true of Nigeria where banks constitute a dominant position of the financial sector. It has compelled many financial and non-financial regulators in Nigeria such as the Central Bank of Nigeria and the Securities and Exchange Commission to revise the codes of best practices for banks and other public companies overtime with a new single code of corporate governance [the national code of corporate governance] set to be released by the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria.This paper makes a contribution to the existing literature on the state of corporate governance development in the Nigerian banking and non-banking sector, the impacts of the banking regulations and the efforts put in place at ensuring that banks are well governed. It also addresses the issue of compliance, disclosure and harmonisation of codes in Nigeria. It argues that while standards and codes are being enacted and revised by the CBN, the SEC and now FRCN, there is greater need for the Nigerian internal and external environments (such as the socio-political, economic and cultural systems) to support the reforms. There is also need for better enforcement, a renewed transparency and total compliance to the spirit and letter of the code in Nigeria.
There is little literature on the development of banking regulation in Nigeria, or the scope of powers of the Central Bank of Nigeria, which is its core banking sector regulator. The critical impetus of this book is to contribute to the literature of this area, with a detailed exploration of the Nigerian regulatory architecture. In addition, the book also engages in a comparative analysis with two emerging economies in Africa: South Africa and Kenya. It also considers the UK and the US as comparator jurisdictions in light of their regulatory responses to the global financial crisis of 2008. This book contributes to the ongoing discourse in this area by exploring, in detail, the theoretical underpinnings of regulation and supervision, to determine whether there is an understanding of what constitutes effective regulation in these jurisdictions. Given that Nigeria is the core jurisdictional focus, a historical account of banking exchanges from the pre-colonial era to more recent times is provided. Offering an understanding of how political, local and economic settings, in conjunction with the theories of regulation, have impacted and influenced regulatory development in Nigeria, the book engages in an examination of Nigeria’s historical experiences with bank failures, including the banking crisis it experienced in 2008. The newly enacted Banks and Other Financial Institutions Act 2020 is also explored as part of this discourse. Through a critical analysis of the law, the book demonstrates that the Nigerian regulator has historically adopted a reactionary strategy, instead of a proactive and pragmatic approach, which is imperative for an effective regulatory regime. The outcome of this analysis is that there are lessons to be learned, and proposals are discussed in order to rethink the act of banking regulation.
Rage of the Risk God chronicles in the broadest conceptual language, the impact of the catastrophic global economic crisis of 2008/09 on the Nigerian banking industry, and the concomitant regulatory intervention, which had had more than mere tangential effect that as yet is reshaping the industry and the national economy in a way not exactly predictable. It contextualises the motivations, rationale, and the impact of the banking reforms embarked upon by the Central Bank of Nigeria under Mallam Lamido Sanusi, who is fondly referred to as the "risk god" by his professional colleagues in the banking industry because of his unmatched mastery of risk management.
Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2019 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: 4.60, course: Banking and Finance, language: English, abstract: The objectives of this study includes to examine the effects of banking sector reforms on bank performance, savings, investments, developments of the Nigerian Banking System and Economic Growth. The banking sector is without no doubt a very essential part of the economy of a nation and any reforms carried out in it extend to other parts of the economy representing a transformational moment for the economy and its people. So it remains a nationwide challenge that the Nigerian banking sector and it's reforms haven't been able to significantly support the long-term financial needs of the real sector or facilitate the growth of the Nigerian economy The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) Test and The Phillip-Perron Test were used to test for stationarity of the variables, while the Johansen co-integration test was employed to indicate the existence of a long-run relationship among Gross Domestic Product-which acted as the Economic Growth proxy, Commercial Bank's Capital, Commercial Bank's Credit, and Number of Commercial Bank Branches which acted as the other variables. Secondary data was sourced from Commercial Bank Statistics, Central Bank Of Nigeria Bulletins, Nigeria Bureau Of Statistics, Statistical Bulletins for the period of 1998-2017. Conclusively, there was a positive and significant relationship betweenEconomic Growth and Banking Sector Reforms in the long run, but a negative relationship between Economic Growth and Financial Sector Reforms in the short-run. It was recommended that the government should ensure political and macroeconomic stability as the activities in all other sectors are affected by them, and that people are enlightened on the benefits of banking sector reforms so that they don't take opposing actions against the goal of reforms.
The role of banks is integral to the development of any nation due to their multiplier effects on the economy at large. This is particularly true of Nigeria where banks have an overwhelmingly dominant position in the financial system. More so, the effects of the global financial crisis on many emerging economies such as Nigeria which have re-echoed the importance of corporate governance have compelled the financial and non-financial regulators such as the central bank of Nigeria and the Securities and Exchange Commission to revise their codes of best practices for the banks and other public companies. This paper makes a contribution to the existing literature on the state of corporate governance development in the Nigerian banking sector, the impacts of the banking regulations and the efforts put in place at ensuring that the banks are well governed. It also addresses the issue on whether the banking reforms carried out by the central bank of Nigeria in relation to governance are enough or adequate for the survival of the Nigerian financial sector in the face of the global challenges. It argues that while standards and codes are being enacted and revised by the CBN and the SEC, there is need for the Nigerian internal and external environments (be it socio-cultural, political, economic, legal, religious etc.) to support the reforms.
The Power of One Man is a lucid account of the Professor Chukwuma Soludo-engineered banking consolidation - its launch and implementation, and how it transformed the Nigerian banking industry. The take-off point of the narrative is a vivid account of the liberalisation of the national economy, the consequent deregulation of the banking industry, and the resultant proliferation of banks. The deregulation of the banking industry resulted in the mushrooming of banks all over the place; at some point, well over 100 banks dotted the Nigerian banking space. By 2004, however, the number of banks in the country had shrunk to 89, following the collapse of some of the banks. The crash of some of the banks in quick succession almost completely eroded public confidence in the country's banking system. Allowing this to continue was going to spell doom for the national economy. To arrest the situation and also transform the nation's banking industry, Soludo who was barely a month in office as Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) embarked on banking reforms that had all the trappings of a revolution. The prompting for the reforms was his discontent with the fragility and meagre capital base of most of the 89 banks that littered the Nigerian banking space, and their inability to drive the growth and development of the national economy at a rapid pace. The major objective of the reforms, therefore, was to transform the country's banking system to one that exudes stability, and populated by well-capitalised, strong banks that can champion the country's economic renaissance. Expectedly, the implementation of the consolidation agenda was not a walk in the park. The journey was tough and rough. But with Soludo's unflinching and total commitment to the programme, and the backing of his boss, President Olusegun Obasanjo, its success was as sure as night follows day. At the end of the 18-month timeframe set for the exercise, 25 banks emerged, all of them capitalised to the required N25 billion; some even went way above the N25 billion base capital. Thus, a new Nigeria banking industry was born. Since then, the industry has been growing by leaps and bounds. One significant objective of the banking consolidation was to see Nigerian banks fly Nigeria's flag in different countries of Africa and around the world. That has come to pass. Nigerian banks, especially First Bank, United Bank for Africa, Guaranty Trust Bank, Access Bank and Zenith Bank are everywhere dense in Africa. These banks are also bestriding the global financial markets like a colossus - their subsidiaries are competing favourably and operating profitably in different countries of the world. Certainly, the Nigerian banking industry envisioned in the 2004/2005 banking consolidation agenda is here.