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Author : World Health Organization Publisher : World Health Organization Page : 80 pages File Size : 48,26 MB Release : 2009 Category : Medical ISBN : 9241547693
This manual attempts to provide simple, adequate and evidence-based information to health care professionals in primary health care especially in low- and middle-income countries to be able to provide pharmacological treatment to persons with mental disorders. The manual contains basic principles of prescribing followed by chapters on medicines used in psychotic disorders; depressive disorders; bipolar disorders; generalized anxiety and sleep disorders; obsessive compulsive disorders and panic attacks; and alcohol and opioid dependence. The annexes provide information on evidence retrieval, assessment and synthesis and the peer view process.
The present volume gives a comprehensive overview on the current state of basic and clinical research on Anxiety and Anxiolytic Drugs. Using newly developed methods and techniques researchers are now beginning to understand the molecular mechanisms of anxiety, anxiety disorders and their treatment. In parallel, new drug targets have been generated and the first clinical studies with new compounds have been started. In 20 chapters written by numerous experts in the field comprehensive information on all relevant topics is provided.
For over thirty years the benzodiazepines monopolised not only the anxiolytic market but also clinical and animal research in anxiety. Indeed many animal tests developed since the 1960s have been optimised for the benzodiazepines and some programmes have even screened candidates as potential anxiolytics on their benzodiazepine-like side-effects rather than their anxiolytic activity. With the realisation of the drawbacks of the benzodiazepines, namely their potential for tolerance and dependency, there has been a renewed interest in alternative anxiolytics both from existing drugs such as the tricyclic and monoamine oxidase antidepressants and from newer agents such as buspirone. In addition anxiety is no longer considered to be a unique entity but rather an umbrella term for a series of specific anxiety disorders such as panic disorder without or with agoraphobia, generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), specific phobias, social phobias and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These new clinical categories have opened another dimension in the therapy of anxiety requiring the optimisation of treatments for different syndromes. This book is a critical review of today's anxiolytics and those that may become the anxiolytics of tomorrow. What is clear is that currently there are few clinically satisfactory alternatives to the benzodiazepines for the treatment of acute anxiety. For chronic anxiety, it is generally agreed that benzodi azepines are not the treatment of first choice. The tricyclic and monoamine oxidase antidepressants, the serotonin reuptake inhibitors and buspirone offer better solutions for chronic anxiety but they are still far from being ideal.
For over thirty years the benzodiazepines monopolised not only the anxiolytic market but also clinical and animal research in anxiety. Indeed many animal tests developed since the 1960s have been optimised for the benzodiazepines and some programmes have even screened candidates as potential anxiolytics on their benzodiazepine-like side-effects rather than their anxiolytic activity. With the realisation of the drawbacks of the benzodiazepines, namely their potential for tolerance and dependency, there has been a renewed interest in alternative anxiolytics both from existing drugs such as the tricyclic and monoamine oxidase antidepressants and from newer agents such as buspirone. In addition anxiety is no longer considered to be a unique entity but rather an umbrella term for a series of specific anxiety disorders such as panic disorder without or with agoraphobia, generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), specific phobias, social phobias and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These new clinical categories have opened another dimension in the therapy of anxiety requiring the optimisation of treatments for different syndromes. This book is a critical review of today's anxiolytics and those that may become the anxiolytics of tomorrow. What is clear is that currently there are few clinically satisfactory alternatives to the benzodiazepines for the treatment of acute anxiety. For chronic anxiety, it is generally agreed that benzodi azepines are not the treatment of first choice. The tricyclic and monoamine oxidase antidepressants, the serotonin reuptake inhibitors and buspirone offer better solutions for chronic anxiety but they are still far from being ideal.
This brief and readable review of anti-anxiety drugs is an ideal primer for a wide variety of health care providers, such as family physicians, mental health professionals, nurse practitioners, and social workers, who do not currently function as psychopharmacology specialists. The authors provide a quick introduction to this important and very widely used class of medications, and clearly explain their advantages, as well as their pharmacological profiles, and peripheral side effects.
This pocket guide is designed to help the primary care practitioner recognize, diagnose, and manage anxiety disorders in a busy clinical practice. It presents an easy-to-follow, step-by-step approach, and offers practical points based on both real patient-care experience and review of current medical literature. The guide includes helpful chapters on psychopharmacology, psychopharmacotherapy, and psychologic treatment for the anxiety disorders.
A critical study of America's tranquilizer culture ranges from the 1950s to the present day as it looks at Americans' increasing dependence on pills and prescriptions to ensure peace of mind, traces the growth of the billion-dollar anti-anxiety business, and assesses the economic, cultural, and social influence of pharmaceuticals.
Contributed volume reviewing the clinical and animal literature related to the pharmacology of anxiety and depression. The role of the hypothalmic-pituitary-adrenal axis in anxiety and depression is reviewed as well as the response of central catecholamines to chronic stress.
Written by the foremost authority in the field, this volume is a comprehensive review of the multifaceted phenomenon of hepatotoxicity. Dr. Zimmerman examines the interface between chemicals and the liver; the latest research in experimental hepatotoxicology; the hepatotoxic risks of household, industrial, and environmental chemicals; and the adverse effects of drugs on the liver. This thoroughly revised, updated Second Edition features a greatly expanded section on the wide variety of drugs that can cause liver injury. For quick reference, an appendix lists these medications and their associated hepatic injuries. Also included are in-depth discussions of drug metabolism and factors affecting susceptibility to liver injury.
A time-saving, stress-reducing approach to learning the essential concepts of pharmacology Great for USMLE review! "This could be a very useful tool for students who struggle with understanding the most basic concepts in pharmacology for course and licensure examinations. 3 Stars."--Doody's Review Service Basic Concepts in Pharmacology provides you with a complete framework for studying -– and understanding -- the fundamental principles of drug actions. With this unique learning system, you’ll be able to identify must-know material, recognize your strengths and weaknesses, minimize memorization, streamline your study, and build your confidence. Basic Concepts in Pharmacology presents drugs by class, details exactly what you need to know about each class, and reinforces key concepts and definitions. With this innovative text you’ll be able to: Recognize the concepts you truly must know before moving on to other material Understand the fundamental principles of drug actions Organize and condense the drug information you must remember Review key information, which is presented in boxes, illustrations, and tables Identify the most important drugs in each drug class Seven sections specifically designed to simplify the learning process and help you gain an understanding of the most important concepts: General Principles Drugs That Affect the Autonomic Nervous System Drugs That Affect the Cardiovascular System Drugs That Act on the Central Nervous System Chemotherapeutic Agents Drugs That Affect the Endocrine System Miscellaneous Drugs (Includes Toxicology and Poisoning)