[PDF] Antiviral Rnai Is Initiated By Dsrna Internalization Into Midgut Cells In The Insect Model Drosophila eBook

Author : Benjamin Obadia
Publisher :
Page : 156 pages
File Size : 11,38 MB
Release : 2013
Category :
ISBN :

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Insects have successfully adapted to an incredible variety of environments where they co-exist with diverse microorganisms (e.g., fungi, bacteria, viruses). Consequently, insect defense mechanisms have been shaped over their evolution to generate a versatile immune system, allowing them to better survive infection, but also to better spread infection to others. Although insect-borne diseases have caused severe threats to humans since recorded history, studies had mainly focused on the dissection and understanding of insect-bacterium interactions while insect-virus interactions have remained poorly characterized. A few years ago, the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) as an antiviral immune mechanism opened new perspectives on understanding insect immunity, which may potentially lead to the control of insect-borne viruses. RNAi is naturally triggered by virus-derived double-stranded (ds) RNA molecules and gives the insect a sequence-specific way of controlling viral replication. In insects, the antiviral RNAi response may also be mounted after artificial immunization with dsRNA, and evidence shows that a systemic protective state is established against viruses. Using the insect model Drosophila melanogaster, the present work inquires on the capacity of dsRNA to generate such a systemic silencing response against RNA viruses and focuses on the fate of dsRNA once in the insect organism. We provide evidence that the intestinal epithelium is the principal tissue involved in dsRNA uptake from both environmental and systemic media. The antiviral immune property of the midgut mediated by RNA interference is also debated.

Author : Dhiraj Kumar
Publisher : Springer
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 34,71 MB
Release : 2018-04-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 331961343X

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This book provides an overview on the basics in insect molecular biology and presents the most recent developments in several fields such as insect genomics and proteomics, insect pathology and applications of insect derived compounds in modern research. The book aims to provide a common platform for the molecular entomologist to stimulate further research in insect molecular biology and biotechnology. Insects are one of the most versatile groups of the animal kingdom. Due to their large population sizes and adaptability since long they attract researchers’ interest as efficient resource for agricultural and biotechnological purposes. Several economically important insects such as Silkworms, Honey Bee, Lac and Drosophila or Termites were established as invertebrate model organisms. Starting with the era of genetic engineering, a broad range of molecular and genetic tools have been developed to study the molecular biology of these insects in detail and thus opened up a new horizon for multidisciplinary research. Nowadays, insect derived products are widely used in biomedical and biotechnology industries. The book targets researchers from both academia and industry, professors and graduate students working in molecular biology, biotechnology and entomology.

Author : Ibrokhim Y. Abdurakhmonov
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 460 pages
File Size : 24,23 MB
Release : 2016-04-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 953512272X

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RNA interference (RNAi), a hallmark of all biological sciences of twenty-first century, is an evolutionarily conserved and double-stranded RNA-dependent eukaryotic cell defense process. Opportunity to utilize an organisms own gene and to systematically induce and trigger RNAi for any desired sequence made RNAi an efficient approach for functional genomics, providing a solution for conventional longstanding obstacles in life sciences. RNAi research and application have significantly advanced during past two decades. This book RNA interference provides an updated knowledge and progress on RNAi in various organisms, explaining basic principles, types, and property of inducers, structural modifications, delivery systems/methodologies, and various successful bench-to-field or clinic applications and disease therapies with some aspects of limitations, alternative tools, safety, and risk assessment.

Author : Alan Cann
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 27,36 MB
Release : 2005-07-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780120887897

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"Principles of Molecular Virology, Fourth Edition" provides an essential introduction to modern virology in a clear and concise manner. It is a highly enjoyable and readable text with numerous illustrations that enhance the reader's understanding of important principles. It contains new material on virus structure, virus evolution, zoonoses, bushmeat, SARS and bioterrorism. The standard version includes a CD-ROM with Flash animations, virtual interactive tutorials and experiments, self-assessment questions, useful online resources, along with the glossary, classification of subcellular infectious agents and history of virology.

Author : Satbir Singh Gosal
Publisher : Springer
Page : 498 pages
File Size : 45,35 MB
Release : 2018-07-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 331990650X

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During the past 15 years, cellular and molecular approaches have emerged as valuable adjuncts to supplement and complement conventional breeding methods for a wide variety of crop plants. Biotechnology increasingly plays a role in the creation, conservation, characterization and utilization of genetic variability for germplasm enhancement. For instance, anther/microspore culture, somaclonal variation, embryo culture and somatic hybridization are being exploited for obtaining incremental improvement in the existing cultivars. In addition, genes that confer insect- and disease-resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, herbicide tolerance and quality traits have been isolated and re-introduced into otherwise sensitive or susceptible species by a variety of transgenic techniques. Together these transformative methodologies grant access to a greater repertoire of genetic diversity as the gene(s) may come from viruses, bacteria, fungi, insects, animals, human beings, unrelated plants or even be artificially derived. Remarkable achievements have been made in the production, characterization, field evaluation and commercialization of transgenic crop varieties worldwide. Likewise, significant advances have been made towards increasing crop yields, improving nutritional quality, enabling crops to be raised under adverse conditions and developing resistance to pests and diseases for sustaining global food and nutritional security. The overarching purpose of this 3-volume work is to summarize the history of crop improvement from a technological perspective but to do so with a forward outlook on further advancement and adaptability to a changing world. Our carefully chosen “case studies of important plant crops” intend to serve a diverse spectrum of audience looking for the right tools to tackle complicated local and global issues.

Author : R. K. Gaur
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 46,16 MB
Release : 2016-04-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 1439873259

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RNAi technology is used for large-scale screens that systematically shut down each gene in the cell, which can help identify the components necessary for a particular cellular process or an event such as cell division. Exploitation of the pathway is also a promising tool in biotechnology and medicine. Introducing new technology in the study of RNA

Author : Byrony C Bonning
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 513 pages
File Size : 16,41 MB
Release : 2006-09-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 0120398680

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Baculoviruses are perhaps unique among viruses in the breadth of their biotechnological applications: these insect specific viruses are used not only for insect pest management purposes, but also as laboratory research tools for production of recombinant proteins and for protein display, and as potential vectors for human gene therapy. In addition to highlighting recent advances, this volume provides a comprehensive review of the biotechnological applications of these and other insect viruses in both the academic and private sectors.

Author : M. Lehane
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 522 pages
File Size : 27,90 MB
Release : 1996-10-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780412616709

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Entomological research benefits from a great diversity of technical approaches - from the molecular to the descriptive - and these are applied to an even greater diversity of insect species. As a consequence, common themes and trends in entomological research can often be overlooked as each researcher focuses on his or her own area of interest. The purpose of this volume is to bring together diverse areas of research under one common theme. The book is divisible into four conceptual areas: the structural biology of the midgut; digestion and transport; the insect midgut as a target for control strategies; and the idgut as an environment for other organisms. Each chapter is written by scientists active in the reviewed research area and a truly international team of contributors has been chosen by the editors. Biology of the Insect Midgut will be of immense use to advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students, and researchers in entomology, physiology and pest control.