[PDF] Antarctica Operational Concerns For The 21st Century eBook

Author :
Publisher :
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 33,47 MB
Release : 1991
Category :
ISBN :

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The Antarctic Region has received little attention from either national or military leaders since the late 1950's. The reason is that the Antarctic Treaty, signed in 1961, has been able to provide a means for continued stability and security in the region. It has been a treaty whose success has been made possible by a rare consensus of the national interests of nations involved in the region. This consensus, however, is coming under more and more pressure as nations reassess their interests in light of the effective end of the Cold War. Emerging nations are becoming more assertive and better able to contend for what they see as their share of the world's resources. The future disposition of the Antarctic with its unresolved sovereignty and its resource potential will eventually become a contentious issue. Conflict in this region over sovereignty or regional influence would threaten U.S. national security interests and could require a military response. The employment of military force in the Antarctic would, however, be extremely difficult due to the number of severe operational constraints inherent to the region. Military planners, especially at the CINC level, need to be aware of these constraints and develop contingency plans that focus directly on operations in this region.

Author : Alan D. Hemmings
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 31,24 MB
Release : 2012-11-27
Category : Law
ISBN : 1136324755

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The Antarctic Treaty (1959) was adopted for the purpose of bringing peace and stability to Antarctica and to facilitate cooperation in scientific research conducted on and around the continent. It has now been over fifty years since the signing of the treaty, nevertheless security continues to drive and shape the laws and policy regime which governs the region. Antarctic Security in the Twenty-First Century: Legal and Policy Perspectives assess Antarctic security from multiple legal and policy perspectives. This book reviews the existing security construct in Antarctica, critically assesses its status in the early part of the Twenty-First century and considers how Antarctic security may be viewed in both the immediate and distant future. The book assesses emerging new security threats, including the impact of climate change and the issues arising from increased human traffic to Antarctica by scientists, tourists, and mariners. The authors call into question whether the existing Antarctic security construct framed around the Antarctic Treaty remains viable, or whether new Antarctic paradigms are necessary for the future governance of the region. The contributions to this volume engage with a security discourse which has expanded beyond the traditional military domain to include notions of security from the perspective of economics, the environment and bio-security. This book provides a contemporary and innovative approach to Antarctic issues which will be of interest to scholars of international law, international relations, security studies and political science as well as policy makers, lawyers and government officials with an interest in the region.

Author : Alan D. Hemmings
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 27,46 MB
Release : 2012
Category : Law
ISBN : 0415620252

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The Antarctic Treaty (1959) was adopted for the purpose of bringing peace and stability to the region and to facilitate cooperation in scientific research conducted on and around the continent. It has now been over fifty years since the Antarctic Treaty's entry into force, nevertheless, security continues to both drive and shape the legal and policy regime which applies to Antarctica. This book explores a wide range of Antarctic and Southern Ocean issues through the lens of security. The contributions to this volume engage with a security discourse which has expanded beyond the traditional military domain to include notions of economic security, environmental security, food security, bio-security, heath security and human security. The chapters consider topics such as the implications for Antarctica and the Southern Ocean of the growing strategic competition between the rising powers of Asia, the possible effects of climate change on the authority, legitimacy and effectiveness of the Antarctic Treaty System, and the shift from 'strategic' security to 'human' security and its potential consequences for the Antarctic treaty regime.

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 122 pages
File Size : 38,18 MB
Release : 1993-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 0309049474

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With the negotiation of the International Protocol on Environmental Protection in 1991, those nations conducting scientific research programs in Antarctica face new challenges for stewardship of the southern continent and protection of its environment. Science and Stewardship in the Antarctic examines how the implementation of the 1991 agreement in the United States can be done in such a way to ensure the compatibility of scientific and environmental protection goals in this global laboratory. The book also addresses the potential for the new requirements both to benefit and harm research activities in Antarctica.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 125 pages
File Size : 41,63 MB
Release : 2019-03-08
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0309476550

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Environmental engineers support the well-being of people and the planet in areas where the two intersect. Over the decades the field has improved countless lives through innovative systems for delivering water, treating waste, and preventing and remediating pollution in air, water, and soil. These achievements are a testament to the multidisciplinary, pragmatic, systems-oriented approach that characterizes environmental engineering. Environmental Engineering for the 21st Century: Addressing Grand Challenges outlines the crucial role for environmental engineers in this period of dramatic growth and change. The report identifies five pressing challenges of the 21st century that environmental engineers are uniquely poised to help advance: sustainably supply food, water, and energy; curb climate change and adapt to its impacts; design a future without pollution and waste; create efficient, healthy, resilient cities; and foster informed decisions and actions.

Author : Tina Tin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 363 pages
File Size : 25,56 MB
Release : 2013-10-04
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9400765827

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At the beginning of the 21st century, Antarctica is poised at the edge of a warmer and busier world. Leading Antarctic researchers examine the needs and challenges of Antarctic environmental management today and tomorrow. Through: (i) investigating the impacts of human activities on specific ecosystems and species, (ii) examining existing environmental management and monitoring practices in place in various regions and (iii) interrogating stakeholders, they address the following questions: What future will Business-As-Usual bring to the Antarctic environment? Will a Business-As-Usual future be compatible with the objectives set out under the Antarctic Treaty, especially its Protocol on Environmental Protection? What actions are necessary to bring about alternative futures for the next 50 years? This volume is an outcome of the International Polar Year (2007-2009) Oslo Science Conference (8-12, June, 2010).

Author : Gillian Doreen Triggs
Publisher : British Institute for International & Comparative Law
Page : 494 pages
File Size : 25,35 MB
Release : 2007
Category : Antarctic Treaty system
ISBN :

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Since its inception almost 50 years ago, the Antarctic Treaty System has evolved to provide a stable and remarkably effective regime for management of the coldest, driest, and windiest continent on earth. New challenges to this legal regime are now posed by contemporary problems such as climate change, tourism, fishing, and whaling in the Southern Ocean. From State Parties to the web of treaties that make up the Antarctic system of governance, the 21st century brings new demands for environmental protection while ensuring reasonable access for scientists and tourists alike. The papers in this collection were presented at a conference organized by the British Institute of International and Comparative Law and the UK's Foreign and Commonwealth Office to coincide with the Twenty-Ninth meeting of the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties held in Edinburgh in June 2006. The authors, experienced Antarctic 'watchers, ' discuss their views on: illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing; vessel-based pollution; navigation through ice-covered waters; Antarctic Treaty Secretariat; liability of operators and their States for environmental damage; and tourism. Included with these scholarly papers are all the international agreements that make up the Antarctic Treaty System along with the measures, decisions, and resolutions of the Twenty-Ninth Consultative Party Meeting and the Edinburgh Declaration supporting the scientific research of the forthcoming International Polar Year starting in March 2007