[PDF] Antarctic Security In The Twenty First Century eBook

Author : Alan D. Hemmings
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 44,50 MB
Release : 2012-11-27
Category : Law
ISBN : 1136324755

GET BOOK

The Antarctic Treaty (1959) was adopted for the purpose of bringing peace and stability to Antarctica and to facilitate cooperation in scientific research conducted on and around the continent. It has now been over fifty years since the signing of the treaty, nevertheless security continues to drive and shape the laws and policy regime which governs the region. Antarctic Security in the Twenty-First Century: Legal and Policy Perspectives assess Antarctic security from multiple legal and policy perspectives. This book reviews the existing security construct in Antarctica, critically assesses its status in the early part of the Twenty-First century and considers how Antarctic security may be viewed in both the immediate and distant future. The book assesses emerging new security threats, including the impact of climate change and the issues arising from increased human traffic to Antarctica by scientists, tourists, and mariners. The authors call into question whether the existing Antarctic security construct framed around the Antarctic Treaty remains viable, or whether new Antarctic paradigms are necessary for the future governance of the region. The contributions to this volume engage with a security discourse which has expanded beyond the traditional military domain to include notions of security from the perspective of economics, the environment and bio-security. This book provides a contemporary and innovative approach to Antarctic issues which will be of interest to scholars of international law, international relations, security studies and political science as well as policy makers, lawyers and government officials with an interest in the region.

Author : Doaa Abdel-Motaal
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 24,2 MB
Release : 2016-09-28
Category : History
ISBN :

GET BOOK

The thawing Antarctic continent offers living space and marine and mineral resources that were previously inaccessible. This book discusses how revisiting the Antarctic Treaty System and dividing up the continent preemptively could spare the world serious conflict. The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements—collectively known as the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS)—regulate the seventh continent, which is the only continent without a native human population. The main treaty within the ATS came into force in 1961 and suspended all territorial claims in Antarctica. The Antarctic Environmental Protocol followed in 1998 and prohibited any minerals exploitation in the continent. With this prohibition up for review in 2048, this book asks whether the Antarctic Treaty can continue to protect Antarctica. Doaa Abdel-Motaal—an expert on environmental issues who has traveled through the Arctic and Antarctic—explains that the international community must urgently turn its attention to examining how to divide up the thawing continent in a peaceful manner. She discusses why the Antarctic Treaty is unlikely to be an adequate measure in the face of international competition for invaluable resources in the 21st century. She argues that factors such as global warming, the growth in climate refugees that the world is about to witness, and the increasingly critical quest for energy resources will make the Antarctic continent a highly sought-after objective. Readers will come to appreciate that what has likely protected Antarctica so far was not the Antarctic Treaty but the continent's harsh climate and isolation. With Antarctica potentially becoming habitable only a few decades from now, revisiting the Antarctic Treaty in favor of an orderly division of the continent is likely to be the best plan for avoiding costly conflict.

Author : Klaus Dodds
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 631 pages
File Size : 41,6 MB
Release : 2017-01-27
Category : Law
ISBN : 1784717681

GET BOOK

The Antarctic and Southern Ocean are hotspots for contemporary endeavours to oversee 'the last frontier' of the Earth. The Handbook on the Politics of Antarctica offers a wide-ranging and comprehensive overview of the governance, geopolitics, international law, cultural studies and history of the region. Four thematic sections take readers from the earliest human encounters to contemporary resource exploitation and climate change. Written by leading experts, the Handbook brings together the very best interdisciplinary social science and humanities scholarship on the Antarctic and Southern Ocean.

Author :
Publisher :
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 31,20 MB
Release : 1991
Category :
ISBN :

GET BOOK

The Antarctic Region has received little attention from either national or military leaders since the late 1950's. The reason is that the Antarctic Treaty, signed in 1961, has been able to provide a means for continued stability and security in the region. It has been a treaty whose success has been made possible by a rare consensus of the national interests of nations involved in the region. This consensus, however, is coming under more and more pressure as nations reassess their interests in light of the effective end of the Cold War. Emerging nations are becoming more assertive and better able to contend for what they see as their share of the world's resources. The future disposition of the Antarctic with its unresolved sovereignty and its resource potential will eventually become a contentious issue. Conflict in this region over sovereignty or regional influence would threaten U.S. national security interests and could require a military response. The employment of military force in the Antarctic would, however, be extremely difficult due to the number of severe operational constraints inherent to the region. Military planners, especially at the CINC level, need to be aware of these constraints and develop contingency plans that focus directly on operations in this region.

Author : Richard C. Powell
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 17,57 MB
Release : 2014-01-31
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1781009414

GET BOOK

The polar regions (the Arctic and Antarctic) have enjoyed widespread public attention in recent years, as issues of conservation, sustainability, resource speculation and geopolitical manoeuvring have all garnered considerable international media inter

Author : Nicholas Kay Siang Khoo
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 29,52 MB
Release : 2024-01-03
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1800614861

GET BOOK

Following the 2008 Beijing Olympics and Global Financial Crisis, China's foreign policy shifted to become more assertive, effecting a systematic deterioration in the US-China relationship. In 2017, the US' China policy shifted from that of 'engagement' to 'strategic competition' under Trump — a policy which has remained under the Biden administration.Indo-Pacific Security: US-China Rivalry and Regional States' Responses explores how states in the Indo-Pacific region have had to adjust to the reality and implications of this growing great power rivalry. In the process, this book fills a gap in the area studies, international relations, and security studies literature. It provides a compelling account of the trajectory of US-China relations while illuminating the varied responses of regional states: from Australia, India and Japan, to South Korea, Thailand, Taiwan, and Pacific Island states.

Author : Hila Levy
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 40,57 MB
Release : 2021
Category : Antarctic Treaty system
ISBN :

GET BOOK

"This study assesses the United States’ evolving role as a Great Antarctic Power over the past two centuries to assess why the U.S. has not yet included the Antarctic as an area of strategic concern, and whether a shift in approach might be appropriate. The polar regions have received growing attention in the face of domestic Great Power Competition narratives, but the Antarctic receives minimal attention within the national security enterprise. This thesis covers the historical and modern value of the region’s resources and location, amid a legacy of national competition for territory and prestige. The author shows how American relations with allies, increasing fear of militarization, and a desire to freeze territorial claims in the shadow of the Cold War eventually led to the U.S.-led Antarctic Treaty of 1959. The structural and systemic limitations of the evolving Antarctic Treaty System are explored in depth, particularly regarding decision-making, transparency and inspections, mineral resource exploitation, and living resource management. The challenges and unique Antarctic governance model imbue a different measure of power in the region, largely centered on science and logistics, that contributes to both alarmism and indifference in the face of Chinese and Russian activities in the 21st century. The Antarctic budget, personnel, infrastructure, equipment, and narratives of the U.S., People’s Republic of China, and Russian Federation are analyzed to provide nuance to Antarctic strategy development. The work concludes that Antarctica cannot be excluded from national-level strategy vis-à-vis the other great powers and long-time allies. Policymakers wishing to enhance Arctic security should also take note of the benefit of a broader strategy that enhances interests at both poles. The rapidly changing physical environment, increase in interested parties and non-state actors may destabilize the United States’ status quo Antarctic policies without immediate reflection upon domestic bureaucratic structures, budget, logistics, and long-term human capital and messaging strategies."--Abstract.

Author : Anja Nakarada Pečujlić
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 48,74 MB
Release : 2023-03-21
Category : Law
ISBN : 1000830217

GET BOOK

The governing international space law regime has been locked in a norm-creation stalemate for over 40 years. This stalemate endangers the preservation of established, guiding legal principles, as well as the sustainability of the parts of outer space that humans utilize. The discrepancy between norm creation, technological advancement, and the ecosystem of novel actors could generate serious consequences for future space activities and the nature of international relations. Besides the return of old rivalries in a New Cold War, new activities and actors emerging amidst a legal void emphasizes the risks of the stalemate: unstable peace, fragile cooperation, uneven technological development, and uncertain eco-sustainability. The prolonged legal stalemate cannot be treated simply as an academic question, for it has broader political and economic implications of growing strategic relevance. Unresolved issues in international space law could threaten the survival of space as a global common, thus it is essential that the ability of the norm-creation mechanism of UN COPUOS is equipped to address the ongoing changes and provide for adequate global governance. This book evaluates the current legal state and sheds light on potential future prospects, offering an overview of the political context within which it developed, providing an assessment of the selected successful examples in international law, and analyzing lessons learned. It makes recommendations for how the UN COPUOS legal apparatus should be modified in order to ensure that future space activities are possible beyond anarchy, greed, and ecological irresponsibility, and to ensure that the principle of the peaceful uses of outer space remains the governing norm.

Author : Prem Shankar Goel
Publisher : Springer
Page : 197 pages
File Size : 38,84 MB
Release : 2017-07-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 3319577654

GET BOOK

This book brings together thirteen selected papers presented in the Third International Seminar on Science and Geopolitics of Arctic-Antarctic-Himalaya, held in India in September 2015. The papers and have been grouped according to the Seminar’s three main themes: a) Geopolitics of the Polar Regions, b) Global Climate Change and Polar Regions, and c) Climate Change and Himalayan Region.