[PDF] An Inquiry Into The Impact Of Public Policy On Income Distribution Redistribution eBook

Author : Bernice Irene Evans
Publisher :
Page : 98 pages
File Size : 24,13 MB
Release : 1999
Category :
ISBN : 9780599447097

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This dissertation project demonstrating excellence (PDE) assumed the mission and policies advanced by the Johnson Administration served as the endogenous determinant of changes in personal income and, therefore, influenced changes in income distribution and income opportunities. the research recognized that in the field of economics marginal productivity and resource exchange theories provide the generalizations and principles upon which changes in personal income are generally postulated. However, alternative factors can also internally influence the labor market structure. the Great Society initiative and the strategies it adopted provided such an influence upon the competitive market and offered a unique opportunity to explore and compare the relationship between political causes and market place effects. the inquiry was limited to a single public policy, the years 1965 through 1969, and to examining the influence of changes in the income receipts of African American households. the research identified America's aggressive social and civil demands during the 1960s, and the cooperative efforts of the congressional and judiciary branches of government, as the catalyst for this political initiative. the study characterized the determinants of "new federalism, 1960s," fiscal legislation, the creation of a new federal agency, and the execution of executive orders with directing the labor market toward its more efficient level. the Gini index provided a measurement of the change in personal income. the Lorenz Curve offered a graphic illustration of the shift of income inequality, ranked by quintile levels, for African Americans. the funds obligated to the War on Poverty programs and the distribution of median average income, served as dummy variables for estimating the relationship between public policy and attributes of income opportunity. These measurements permitted statistical test of significance, test for residual effects, regression and correlation analysis. the research contributes to the field of economics a study of an alternative approach to countering markets forces and to adjusting personal income.

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 27 pages
File Size : 37,15 MB
Release : 2003-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1451843143

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The paper examines empirically the question of whether more unequal societies spend more on income redistribution than their more egalitarian counterparts. Theoretical arguments on this issue are inconclusive. The political economy literature suggests that redistributive spending is higher in unequal societies due to median voter preferences. Alternatively, it can be argued that unequal societies may spend less on redistribution because of capital market imperfections. Based on different data sources, the cross-country evidence reported in this paper suggests that more unequal societies do spend less on redistribution.

Author : Nathan J. Kelly
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 217 pages
File Size : 40,33 MB
Release : 2009-03-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0521514584

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Using income surveys and various political-economic data, this book shows that income inequality is fundamental to the dynamics of US politics.

Author : Noam Lupu
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 387 pages
File Size : 21,98 MB
Release : 2023-12-31
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1009428640

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Introduces the latest research on political inequality and its relationship to economic inequalities in North America and Western Europe.

Author : Mr.Benedict J. Clements
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 450 pages
File Size : 40,24 MB
Release : 2015-09-21
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1513567756

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The sizeable increase in income inequality experienced in advanced economies and many parts of the world since the 1990s and the severe consequences of the global economic and financial crisis have brought distributional issues to the top of the policy agenda. The challenge for many governments is to address concerns over rising inequality while simultaneously promoting economic efficiency and more robust economic growth. The book delves into this discussion by analyzing fiscal policy and its link with inequality. Fiscal policy is the government’s most powerful tool for addressing inequality. It affects households ‘consumption directly (through taxes and transfers) and indirectly (via incentives for work and production and the provision of public goods and individual services such as education and health). An important message of the book is that growth and equity are not necessarily at odds; with the appropriate mix of policy instruments and careful policy design, countries can in many cases achieve better distributional outcomes and improve economic efficiency. Country studies (on the Netherlands, China, India, Republic of Congo, and Brazil) demonstrate the diversity of challenges across countries and their differing capacity to use fiscal policy for redistribution. The analysis presented in the book builds on and extends work done at the IMF, and also includes contributions from leading academics.

Author : Nanak Kakwani
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 36,9 MB
Release : 2010-01-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780521126311

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First published in 1986, this book explores the areas of income distribution and welfare. Analyzing Redistribution Policies developed appropriate techniques to analyze the extent and nature of income inequality and welfare and to measure the direct impact of taxes and government cash transfers on the distribution of income by size of income and other household characteristics. What was the extent of inequality of income and which way was it moving? Was the burden of taxation evenly distributed across the population? Did the rich pay proportionately more or less taxes than the poor? What were the effects of government programs on the welfare of particular groups in the community? An attempt was made to answer these and other related questions by an analysis of the Australian data obtained from the 1975-1976 Household Expenditure Survey. Written in a fairly nontechnical manner, Analyzing Redistribution Policies can be understood with limited knowledge of economics and statistics.

Author : Naren Prasad
Publisher :
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 19,37 MB
Release : 2014
Category :
ISBN :

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Inequality can be addressed through a combination of social service provision, social transfers and taxation. Looking at the past two decades, this paper examines the extent to which inequality has been affected by changes in national tax systems and government expenditure on social transfers. Using secondary data, this paper discusses the trends in the composition and levels of social transfers and taxes, and explores how these trends relate to income inequality. It also looks into the extent to which taxes and social transfers are effective in redistributing income. And finally it shows how different government policy frameworks have been able to limit growth in income inequality and at the same time foster economic growth and job creation.

Author : Max Ngoc Vu
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 16,82 MB
Release : 2018
Category : Economics
ISBN :

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This dissertation is composed of two essays. The first chapter "The Impact of Government Programs on Individual Preferences for Redistribution: Evidence from SCHIP/Medicaid expansion" investigates the effects of government's transfer programs on individual's preferences for redistribution. Using the restricted file of the General Social Survey from 1996 to 2014, I study the impact of a large public insurance program targeting children on their parents' support for government's redistribution. To account for the endogeneity of program eligibility, I adopt an instrumental variable approach that exploits state-level variation in children's age groups and income thresholds for program eligibility to simulate individual household's exposure to the policy. I find strong evidence suggesting that having a child eligible for the program has a positive and significant impact on parents' support for redistribution, by around 25% of the variable's standard deviation. It is possibly mediated through the channel of increasing individual's trust in the government. The result is robust to alternate specifications and different measures of support for redistribution. The second chapter "The Effects of Relative Income on Preferences for Redistribution" investigates whether individuals' position on the income distribution, i.e their relative income, affects their preferences for redistribution. Specifically, using cross-state variations from the US General Social Survey (GSS), augmented with cross-country variations from the World Values Survey (WVS), I examine whether the individuals' preferences for redistribution change once they become relatively rich compared to their peers. Controlling for the level of income, I look at the effects of peer group's relative income, using the practice of measuring individual preferences for redistribution from the literature. Consistent with previous studies, I find relative income to have an effect on individual's happiness. I also find evidence that relative income affect individual's attitudes towards income inequality and support for redistribution. An increase in individuals' relative income results in less support for redistributive policies: those with higher income compared to their peer group are less favorable of government reducing income differences, less in support of government aid and less in favor of other redistributive policies. The results are consistent using both data from the US and other countries, and robust to different fuctional forms, and measures of relative income.