[PDF] An Evaluation Of Radiation Exposure Guidance For Military Operations eBook

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 33,44 MB
Release : 1999-05-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 0309173027

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In 1996, NATO issued guidance for the exposure of military personnel to radiation doses different from occupational dose levels, but not high enough to cause acute health effects-and in doing so set policy in a new arena. Scientific and technological developments now permit small groups or individuals to use, or threaten to use, destructive devices (nuclear, biological, chemical, and cyber-based weaponry, among others) targeted anywhere in the world. Political developments, such as the loss of political balance once afforded by competing superpowers, have increased the focus on regional and subregional disputes. What doctrine should guide decisionmaking regarding the potential exposure of troops to radiation in this changed theater of military operations? In 1995, the Office of the U.S. Army Surgeon General asked the Medical Follow-up Agency of the Institute of Medicine to provide advice. This report is the final product of the Committee on Battlefield Radiation Exposure Criteria convened for that purpose. In its 1997 interim report, Evaluation of Radiation Exposure Guidance for Military Operations, the committee addressed the technical aspects of the NATO directive. In this final report, the committee reiterates that discussion and places it in an ethical context.

Author : Committee on Evaluation of EPA Guidelines for Exposure to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 293 pages
File Size : 45,52 MB
Release : 1999-02-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 0309580706

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Naturally occurring radionuclides are found throughout the earth's crust, and they form part of the natural background of radiation to which all humans are exposed. Many human activities-such as mining and milling of ores, extraction of petroleum products, use of groundwater for domestic purposes, and living in houses-alter the natural background of radiation either by moving naturally occurring radionuclides from inaccessible locations to locations where humans are present or by concentrating the radionuclides in the exposure environment. Such alterations of the natural environment can increase, sometimes substantially, radiation exposures of the public. Exposures of the public to naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) that result from human activities that alter the natural environment can be subjected to regulatory control, at least to some degree. The regulation of public exposures to such technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (TENORM) by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other regulatory and advisory organizations is the subject of this study by the National Research Council's Committee on the Evaluation of EPA Guidelines for Exposures to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials.

Author : United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher :
Page : 92 pages
File Size : 39,33 MB
Release : 1987
Category : Nuclear weapons
ISBN :

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In response to a congressional request, GAO examined the Department of Defense's (DOD) atmospheric nuclear weapons testing program to determine: (1) how many military personnel participated in the cloud-sampling work between 1952 and 1962 during operations Tumbler-Snapper, Redwing, and Dominic 1; and (2) the extent of their exposure to radiation. GAO found that: (1) approximately 300 Air Force personnel took part in the sampling; (2) the amount of radiation personnel received was questionable due to inadequate information; (3) at two of the test sites, ground personnel failed to wear protective breathing devices when working around the aircraft used for the sampling; and (4) the records gathered at two of the sites had high error rates. GAO also found that: (1) the methods used to measure internal exposure to radiation were inadequate, since only one urine test was performed within a 24-hour period; (2) the monitoring devices installed in the cockpits showed a higher level of exposure than the devices the crews wore; and (3) individual records kept at one of the test sites showed a 6-percent error rate.

Author : Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 422 pages
File Size : 25,61 MB
Release : 2006-03-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 0309133343

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This book is the seventh in a series of titles from the National Research Council that addresses the effects of exposure to low dose LET (Linear Energy Transfer) ionizing radiation and human health. Updating information previously presented in the 1990 publication, Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation: BEIR V, this book draws upon new data in both epidemiologic and experimental research. Ionizing radiation arises from both natural and man-made sources and at very high doses can produce damaging effects in human tissue that can be evident within days after exposure. However, it is the low-dose exposures that are the focus of this book. So-called “late” effects, such as cancer, are produced many years after the initial exposure. This book is among the first of its kind to include detailed risk estimates for cancer incidence in addition to cancer mortality. BEIR VII offers a full review of the available biological, biophysical, and epidemiological literature since the last BEIR report on the subject and develops the most up-to-date and comprehensive risk estimates for cancer and other health effects from exposure to low-level ionizing radiation.

Author : Adam E. Adams
Publisher :
Page : 83 pages
File Size : 19,69 MB
Release : 1968
Category :
ISBN :

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This bibliography is primarily intended to identify and compile military operational reference material published by the Military Services and selected government agencies, which relate to nuclear radiation, command exposure guidance and contamination control levels. No attempt has been made to list all service-sponsored or government agencies' publications which do not relate directly to military peacetime or wartime operations. The synopsis given for each reference is not intended to cover all the data of interest in the document. It is designed to provide some of the highlights of the pertinent information as an indicator of the type of data that can be found in the document. (Author).

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 12,20 MB
Release : 1996-04-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0309053862

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Does radiation medicine need more regulation or simply better-coordinated regulation? This book addresses this and other questions of critical importance to public health and safety. The issues involved are high on the nation's agenda: the impact of radiation on public safety, the balance between federal and state authority, and the cost-benefit ratio of regulation. Although incidents of misadministration are rare, a case in Pennsylvania resulting in the death of a patient and the inadvertent exposure of others to a high dose of radiation drew attention to issues concerning the regulation of ionizing radiation in medicine and the need to examine current regulatory practices. Written at the request from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Radiation in Medicine reviews the regulation of ionizing radiation in medicine, focusing on the NRC's Medical Use Program, which governs the use of reactor-generated byproduct materials. The committee recommends immediate action on enforcement and provides longer term proposals for reform of the regulatory system. The volume covers: Sources of radiation and their use in medicine. Levels of risk to patients, workers, and the public. Current roles of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, other federal agencies, and states. Criticisms from the regulated community. The committee explores alternative regulatory structures for radiation medicine and explains the rationale for the option it recommends in this volume. Based on extensive research, input from the regulated community, and the collaborative efforts of experts from a range of disciplines, Radiation in Medicine will be an important resource for federal and state policymakers and regulators, health professionals involved in radiation treatment, developers and producers of radiation equipment, insurance providers, and concerned laypersons.

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 48,27 MB
Release : 2000-03-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0309172535

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Risk management is especially important for military forces deployed in hostile and/or chemically contaminated environments, and on-line or rapid turn-around capabilities for assessing exposures can create viable options for preventing or minimizing incapaciting exposures or latent disease or disability in the years after the deployment. With military support for the development, testing, and validation of state-of-the-art personal and area sensors, telecommunications, and data management resources, the DOD can enhance its capabilities for meeting its novel and challenging tasks and create technologies that will find widespread civilian uses. Strategies to Protect the Health of Deployed U.S. Forces assesses currently available options and technologies for productive pre-deployment environmental surveillance, exposure surveillance during deployments, and retrospective exposure surveillance post-deployment. This report also considers some opportunities for technological and operational advancements in technology for more effective exposure surveillance and effects management options for force deployments in future years.

Author : Kay C. Goss
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 33,54 MB
Release : 1998-05
Category :
ISBN : 078814829X

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Meant to aid State & local emergency managers in their efforts to develop & maintain a viable all-hazard emergency operations plan. This guide clarifies the preparedness, response, & short-term recovery planning elements that warrant inclusion in emergency operations plans. It offers the best judgment & recommendations on how to deal with the entire planning process -- from forming a planning team to writing the plan. Specific topics of discussion include: preliminary considerations, the planning process, emergency operations plan format, basic plan content, functional annex content, hazard-unique planning, & linking Federal & State operations.