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Through careful methodological analysis, this book argues that modern macroeconomics has completely overlooked the aggregate nature of the data. In Part I, the authors test and reject the homogeneity assumption using disaggregate data. In Part II, they demonstrate that apart from random flukes, cointegration unidirectional Granger causality and restrictions on parameters do not survive aggregation when heterogeneity is introduced. They conclude that the claim that modern macroeconomics has solid microfoundations is unwarranted. However, some important theory-based models that do not fit aggregate data well in their representative-agent version can be reconciled with aggregate data by introducing heterogeneity.
This title was first published in 1976. This book provides both an explanation of the inflation which has bedeviled economic policy in the West since the end of World War II and a micro-economic theory to purge Keynesian models of the Walrasian strain derived from Marshall's Principles. By focusing on what is taken to be the representative business firm of the twentieth century - the large corporation or megacorp - the microeconomic model presented in the book reverses the usual assumptions of economic analysis. Instead of assuming the existence of firms with no control over prices, the book examines how the megacorp uses its pricing power to finance its own internal rate of growth. The result is a determinant model of how prices are set under the sort of oligopolistic conditions which prevail in most modern industries throughout the world.
This book arose from our conviction that the NNS-DSGE approach to the analysis of aggregate market outcomes is fundamentally flawed. The practice of overcoming the SMD result by recurring to a fictitious RA leads to insurmountable methodological problems and lies at the root of DSGE models’ failure to satisfactorily explain real world features, like exchange rate and banking crises, bubbles and herding in financial markets, swings in the sentiment of consumers and entrepreneurs, asymmetries and persistence in aggregate variables, and so on. At odds with this view, our critique rests on the premise that any modern macroeconomy should be modeled instead as a complex system of heterogeneous interacting individuals, acting adaptively and autonomously according to simple and empirically validated rules of thumb. We call our proposed approach Bottom-up Adaptive Macroeconomics (BAM). The reason why we claim that the contents of this book can be inscribed in the realm of macroeconomics is threefold: i) We are looking for a framework that helps us to think coherently about the interrelationships among two or more markets. In what follows, in particular, three markets will be considered: the markets for goods, labor and loanable funds. In this respect, real time matters: what happens in one market depends on what has happened, on what is happening, or on what will happen in other markets. This implies that intertemporal coordination issues cannot be ignored. ii) Eventually, it’s all about prices and quantities. However, we are mostly interested in aggregate prices and quantities, that is indexes built from the dispersed outcomes of the decentralized transactions of a large population of heterogeneous individuals. Each individual acts purposefully, but she knows anything about the levels of prices and quantities which clear markets in the aggregate. iii) In the hope of being allowed to purport scientific claims, BAM relies on the assumption that individual purposeful behaviours aggregates into regularities. Macro behaviour, however, can depart radically from what the individual units are trying to accomplish. It is in this sense that aggregate outcomes emerge from individual actions and interactions.
Author : O. A. L. C. Atzema Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing Page : 240 pages File Size : 33,90 MB Release : 2005-01-01 Category : Business & Economics ISBN : 9781781959046
This book provides an in-depth investigation of the role of the private and public sectors in land markets and regional economics, and explores the reasons behind government intervention in the interests of sustainable growth. The authors explore the subject of regional development and changing land use in a variety of different countries. They examine broad themes such as urban structure, infrastructure and eco-structure, and look in detail at issues including housing, transport and technology clustering. They also demonstrate that for a proper understanding of long-term changes, the broader institutional settings and policy regimes are of critical importance, as it is within this framework that private and public actors interact. It is therefore vital to search for institutional arrangements where conflicts of interest can be dealt with in a constructive way, and where ecological values are taken into consideration. The contributions in this book highlight these difficulties and offer practical proposals to improve current practices. Regional scientists, geographers and development policymakers will welcome this rigorous exploration of the roles of the private and public sectors in the context of economic development.
This book offers a thorough introduction to the highly promising complex agent-based approach to economics, in which agent-based models (ABMs) are used to represent economic systems as complex and evolving systems composed of heterogeneous agents of limited rationality who interact with each other, generating the system’s emergent properties in the process. This approach represents a response to the limitations of the dominant theory in economics, which does not consider the possibility of a major crisis, and to the inability of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium theory to generate empirically falsifiable propositions. In the new perspective, the focus is on identifying the elements of instability rather than the triggering event. As the theory of complexity demonstrates, the interactions of heterogeneous agents produce non-linearity: this puts an end to the age of certainties. With ABMs, the methodology is “from the bottom up”. The individual parameters and their distribution are estimated, and then evaluated to verify whether aggregate regularities emerge on the whole. In short, not only micro, but also meso and macro empirical validation are employed. Moreover, it shows that the mantra of growth should be supplanted by the concept of a growth. Given its depth of coverage, the book will enable students at the undergraduate and Master’s level to gain a firm grasp of this important emerging approach. “This book is flower blossomed by one of the two greatest Italian economists.” Bruce Greenwald, Columbia University “The author’s - the ABM prophet’s - thoughts on economics have been at the forefront of the world. Without a firm belief in and dedication to human society, it is impossible to write such a book. This is a work of high academic value, which can help readers quickly understand the history and current situation of complex economic theory. In particular, we can understand the basic viewpoints, academic status, advantages and shortcomings of various schools of economic theory.” Jie Wu, Guangzhou Milestone Software Co., China
Modern Macroeconomics, by Max Gillman, takes a new and modern approach to macroeconomic theory using microeconomic foundations. Building from the standard neo-classical models, Gillman has developed a new dynamic model which works to explain business cycles and unemployment, why you can have a banking lead recession as well as fiscal and monetary policy. Although strong in mathematical rigour all calculations in this text are fully derived and graphs provide a direct representation making it accessible. This text is suitable for undergraduate students studying Advanced Macroeconomics courses.