[PDF] Aerial Pesticide Spray Drift Models For Use In Regulatory Applications eBook

Author :
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 19,77 MB
Release : 2004
Category :
ISBN :

GET BOOK

With widespread use of pesticides in modern agriculture, the impacts of spray drift have become a topic of considerable interest. The drifting of sprays is a highly complex process influenced by many factors. Advances in aerial application technology and in our ability to measure drift, coupled with the adoption of new technologies for regulating pesticide application have necessitated further research in the pesticide application process. Experiments were conducted to quantify spray drift and describe its movement from aerial applications of pesticide. The effects of spray quality, atomizer type and ground cover were examined. Initial airborne drift amounts were greater than downwind deposits, thus not all of the drifting spray was deposited in the measuring area. Total off-target movement of spray was significantly greater for Fine compared to Coarse sprays. Rotary and hydraulic atomizers, both producing Fine sprays, produced statistically similar off-target movement of sprays. Similarly, no significant statistical differences in spray drift between applications to bare ground and applications to a headed barley crop canopy were not identified. Contrary to expectations, aerial application to bare ground seemed to result in less off-target movement than application to a crop canopy. The vertical spray cloud profiles were similar for all applications with the greatest amount of spray present at the height of release. Spray concentrations diminished from that height upward with diffusion and downward with deposition. The empirical data disagreed with the mechanistic model AgDISP which is currently used in the Canadian regulatory process. The model over-predicted drift deposition by a factor of two to five. Variability in spray deposit values could not be attributed to average differences in meteorological conditions at the time of application. Experiments with appropriate protocols for increased sensitivity may be required to more accurately report subtle differences.

Author : J. J. C. Picot
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 32,32 MB
Release : 1997
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780792343714

GET BOOK

The book deals quantitatively with the generation, dispersion, and deposition of pesticide droplets on vegetation and with off-target drift of undeposited droplets. A computer simulation model of calculating dispersion, deposition, and drift is described with comparisons between calculated results and field measurement results. The model includes the effects of aircraft vortex, atmospheric turbulence, droplet evaporation, and droplet deposition on foliage. Model output includes values of droplet deposit density and size on foliage and ground as well as droplet concentration and size in the drift cloud. In addition, a detailed description of droplet atomizer characterization methods is presented along with a large number of atomizer spectrum results for atomizers in current use. An analysis of a number of forestry spraying innovations is presented. This text is an essential tool in assessing the efficacy and environmental impact of proposed and actual forest spray operations.

Author : RW. Holst
Publisher :
Page : 9 pages
File Size : 50,93 MB
Release : 1983
Category : Bacillus thuringiensis
ISBN :

GET BOOK

The Pesticide Registration Guidelines and certain regulations governing the application of pesticides under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) have undergone changes in recent years. In the area of spray drift evaluation, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is still actively pursuing technical and scientific questions associated with pesticide drift and the possible exposure of humans, animals, and plants to spray drift. A problem still to be addressed is that of building a comprehensive data base of downwind quantification and droplet distribution data through the use of wind tunnel studies or direct in-flight assessments. The specific data requirements for these studies have not as yet been completed. In the areas of application safety and precautionary statements, the EPA has increasingly worked with the individual states and through the State-Federal Issues Research and Evaluation Group (SFIREG). Coordinated work is continuing with other federal agencies and interested groups in the areas of spray drift research and pesticide application methodology through such programs as Self-Regulating Application and Flight Efficiency (SAFE) and Pesticide Applicator Training (PAT). Also within this effort is the application of numerous exposure models in a broad spectrum of environmental fate determinations. These models are based on an ever-increasing amount of data with corroboration by monitoring studies. The spray drift models will be used for exposure analysis by registrants and EPA personnel and by pesticide applicators for application safety and efficiency. These various aspects of pesticide data generation, modeling, and group interaction comprise part of the EPA's continuing effort to provide sensible and current regulation of pesticide application and use in order to ensure the availability of necessary pesticides and still protect the environment.

Author : Primary Industries Standing Committee
Publisher : CSIRO PUBLISHING
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 21,56 MB
Release : 2002
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780643068353

GET BOOK

This practical guide focuses on managing the risks of spray drift and includes information on appropriate handing practices to ensure a safe workplace.

Author : RW. Holst
Publisher :
Page : 8 pages
File Size : 21,66 MB
Release : 1982
Category : Federal regulations
ISBN :

GET BOOK

The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act mandates that the Administrator will make a determination as to whether a pesticide "will perform its intended function without unreasonable adverse effects on the environment." Spray drift has become. in many instances, an unreasonable adverse effect to humans, fish, wildlife, and plants. Presently, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is building its expertise to understand the overall subject of spray drift, the factors causing and affecting it, and the numerous problems that can be associated with it. In an effort to understand and evaluate spray drift, guidelines are being proposed that would afford the EPA the opportunity to collect data from actual spray drift tests. Certain regulations, such as those governing the quantities of pesticides applied, the buffer zones, and the use of aerial application, could be implemented as necessary on the basis of these and other actual data.