[PDF] Advanced Thermal Management Of High Temperature Fuel Cells Via Active Flow Control eBook

Author : Patrick Alain Louka
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 36,9 MB
Release : 2007
Category : Coanda effect
ISBN :

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The ultimate objective of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of cathode gas (air) recirculation for the thermal management of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack. SOFCs conventionally operate at high temperatures (>600o C); and recovering heat from stack exhaust is critical to improving the stack and system performance. Prevalent approaches implement bulky and expensive high temperature gas-to-gas heat exchangers. Also, ejectors are being investigated for recirculation of the air; however, an ejector with typically large velocity gradients would incur large viscous losses. An alternative recirculation approach is being developed for distributed entrainment via active flow control. The entrainment would allow recuperative thermal mixing to occur that may be more effective than the preceding two approaches. The ultimate goal of this research thrust is to reduce, or even exclude, the need of an air preheater in a SOFC system. The cathode air preheat contributes to a large portion of the cost of a SOFC system. Verifying and demonstrating the efficacy of the Coandă; effect has been the initial focus, and positive results have been demonstrated in a test environment from a fluid mechanics standpoint. This has been based upon three stages of experimental development, inclusive of cross-sectional area and activated blowing degrees-of-freedom. Seed thermal testing of the system has demonstrated legitimate thermal mixing capabilities. EES thermodynamic modeling developments confirm that the approach can reduce or even exclude the air preheat. It is concluded that recuperative thermal mixing with this recirculation approach is indeed feasible and has the potential to greatly reduce the cost and efficiency of the SOFC system.

Author : Xingcun Colin Tong
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 633 pages
File Size : 43,49 MB
Release : 2011-01-05
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1441977597

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The need for advanced thermal management materials in electronic packaging has been widely recognized as thermal challenges become barriers to the electronic industry’s ability to provide continued improvements in device and system performance. With increased performance requirements for smaller, more capable, and more efficient electronic power devices, systems ranging from active electronically scanned radar arrays to web servers all require components that can dissipate heat efficiently. This requires that the materials have high capability of dissipating heat and maintaining compatibility with the die and electronic packaging. In response to critical needs, there have been revolutionary advances in thermal management materials and technologies for active and passive cooling that promise integrable and cost-effective thermal management solutions. This book meets the need for a comprehensive approach to advanced thermal management in electronic packaging, with coverage of the fundamentals of heat transfer, component design guidelines, materials selection and assessment, air, liquid, and thermoelectric cooling, characterization techniques and methodology, processing and manufacturing technology, balance between cost and performance, and application niches. The final chapter presents a roadmap and future perspective on developments in advanced thermal management materials for electronic packaging.

Author : M Gasik
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 513 pages
File Size : 30,70 MB
Release : 2008-10-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 184569483X

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A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts the chemical energy of a reaction (between fuel and oxidant) directly into electricity. Given their efficiency and low emissions, fuel cells provide an important alternative to power produced from fossil fuels. A major challenge in their use is the need for better materials to make fuel cells cost-effective and more durable. This important book reviews developments in materials to fulfil the potential of fuel cells as a major power source. After introductory chapters on the key issues in fuel cell materials research, the book reviews the major types of fuel cell. These include alkaline fuel cells, polymer electrolyte fuel cells, direct methanol fuel cells, phosphoric acid fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells and regenerative fuel cells. The book concludes with reviews of novel fuel cell materials, ways of analysing performance and issues affecting recyclability and life cycle assessment. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Materials for fuel cells is a valuable reference for all those researching, manufacturing and using fuel cells in such areas as automotive engineering. Examines the key issues in fuel cell materials research Reviews the major types of fuel cells such as direct methanol and regenerative fuel cells Further chapters explore ways of analysing performance and issues affecting recyclability and life cycle assessment

Author : Majid Ghassemi
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 197 pages
File Size : 16,60 MB
Release : 2020-08-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 0128157542

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Fundamentals of Heat and Fluid Flow in High Temperature Fuel Cells introduces key-concepts relating to heat, fluid and mass transfer as applied to high temperature fuel cells. The book briefly covers different type of fuel cells and discusses solid oxide fuel cells in detail, presenting related mass, momentum, energy and species equation. It then examines real case studies of hydrogen- and methane-fed SOFC, as well as combined heat and power and hybrid energy systems. This comprehensive reference is a useful resource for those working in high temperature fuel cell modeling and development, including energy researchers, engineers and graduate students. Provides broad coverage of key concepts relating to heat transfer and fluid flow in high temperature fuel cells Presents in-depth knowledge of solid oxide fuel cells and their application in different kinds of heat and power systems Examines real-life case studies, covering different types of fuels and combined systems, including CHP

Author : T Yomi Obidi
Publisher : SAE International
Page : 110 pages
File Size : 26,23 MB
Release : 2015-03-30
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0768081742

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With new and more stringent standards addressing emission reduction and fuel economy, the importance of a well-developed engine thermal management system becomes even greater. With about 30% of the fuel intake energy dissipated through the cooling system and another 30% through the exhaust system, it is to be expected that serious research has been dedicated to this field. Thermal Management in Automotive Applications, edited by Dr. T. Yomi Obidi, brings together a focused collection of SAE technical papers on the subject. It offers insights into how thermal management impacts the efficiency of engines in heavy vehicles, the effects of better coolant flow control, and the use of smart thermostat and next-generation cooling pumps. It also provides an in-depth analysis of the possible gains in optimum warm-up sequence and thermal management on a small gasoline engine. With continuously increasing gadgetry in modern vehicles, the average temperature in the engine compartment has seen significant increase. It is important to be able to divert the heat away from passengers as well as from some components that may be negatively impacted by excessive temperatures. Thermal Management in Automotive Applications points out solutions to this challenge, including material and design options.

Author : Fethi Aloui
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 862 pages
File Size : 28,31 MB
Release : 2023-08-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 0443190186

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Handbook of Thermal Management Systems: e-Mobility and Other Energy Applications is a comprehensive reference on the thermal management of key renewable energy sources and other electronic components. With an emphasis on practical applications, the book addresses thermal management systems of batteries, fuel cells, solar panels, electric motors, as well as a range of other electronic devices that are crucial for the development of sustainable transport systems. Chapters provide a basic understanding of the thermodynamics behind the development of a thermal management system, update on Batteries, Fuel Cells, Solar Panels, and Other Electronics, provide a detailed description of components, and discuss fundamentals. Dedicated chapters then systematically examine the heating, cooling, and phase changes of each system, supported by numerical analyses, simulations and experimental data. These chapters include discussion of the latest technologies and methods and practical guidance on their application in real-world system-level projects, as well as case studies from engineering systems that are currently in operation. Finally, next-generation technologies and methods are discussed and considered. Presents a comprehensive overview of thermal management systems for modern electronic technologies related to energy production, storage and sustainable transportation Addresses the main bottlenecks in the technology development for future green and sustainable transportation systems Focuses on the practical aspects and implementation of thermal management systems through industrial case studies, real-world examples, and solutions to key problems

Author : Biao Huang
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 345 pages
File Size : 40,53 MB
Release : 2013-02-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 0470973919

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The high temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is identified as one of the leading fuel cell technology contenders to capture the energy market in years to come. However, in order to operate as an efficient energy generating system, the SOFC requires an appropriate control system which in turn requires a detailed modelling of process dynamics. Introducting state-of-the-art dynamic modelling, estimation, and control of SOFC systems, this book presents original modelling methods and brand new results as developed by the authors. With comprehensive coverage and bringing together many aspects of SOFC technology, it considers dynamic modelling through first-principles and data-based approaches, and considers all aspects of control, including modelling, system identification, state estimation, conventional and advanced control. Key features: Discusses both planar and tubular SOFC, and detailed and simplified dynamic modelling for SOFC Systematically describes single model and distributed models from cell level to system level Provides parameters for all models developed for easy reference and reproducing of the results All theories are illustrated through vivid fuel cell application examples, such as state-of-the-art unscented Kalman filter, model predictive control, and system identification techniques to SOFC systems The tutorial approach makes it perfect for learning the fundamentals of chemical engineering, system identification, state estimation and process control. It is suitable for graduate students in chemical, mechanical, power, and electrical engineering, especially those in process control, process systems engineering, control systems, or fuel cells. It will also aid researchers who need a reminder of the basics as well as an overview of current techniques in the dynamic modelling and control of SOFC.

Author :
Publisher :
Page : 108 pages
File Size : 10,90 MB
Release : 2006
Category :
ISBN :

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Convective heat and mass transfer in a planar, tri-layer, solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) module is considered for a uniform supply of volatile species (80% hydrogen + 20% water vapor) and oxidant (20% oxygen + 80% nitrogen) to the electrolyte surface. With an Arrhenius electrochemical reaction rate, the coupled heat and mass transfer is modeled by steady incompressible fully-developed laminar flow in the interconnect ducts of rectangular cross section for both the anode-side fuel and cathode-side oxidant flows. The governing three-dimensional equations for mass, momentum, energy, and species transfer along with those for electrochemical kinetics are solved computationally using commercial CFD software. The homogeneous porous-layer flows, which are in thermal equilibrium with the solid matrix, are coupled with the electrochemical reaction rate to properly account for the flow-duct and anode/cathode interface heat/mass transfer. Parametric effects of rectangular flow duct aspect ratio and anode porous-layer thickness on the variations in species mass concentration and temperature distributions, flow friction factor, and convective heat transfer coefficient are presented. The combined effects of porous layer and electrochemical reaction are seen to alter the flow and heat transfer behavior of SOFC. The hydrodynamic and thermal behavior is characterized for effective performance and cooling, and interconnect channels of rectangular cross-section aspect ratio of ~ 2 are seen to provide optimal thermal management benefits. Parametric effects of flow duct cross-sectional shapes (triangle, trapezoid and, rectangle) and geometry along with heat transfer enhancing flow arrangements (offset-strip fin and wavy fin flows) are characterized by the variations in mass and temperature distributions, flow friction factor, and convective heat transfer coefficient. Though triangular cross section al interconnects showed lowest heat transfer coefficient it might be preferred de to its highest structural stability. Offset-strip flow arrangement has shown the best convective cooling and is probably the best interconnect design for the efficient thermal management in planar anode-supported SOFC.

Author : Mark Ahlers
Publisher : SAE International
Page : 117 pages
File Size : 50,58 MB
Release : 2016-03-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 0768083036

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The simultaneous operation of all systems generating, moving, or removing heat on an aircraft is simulated using integrated analysis which is called Integrated Energy System Analysis (IESA) for this book. Its purpose is to understand, optimize, and validate more efficient system architectures for removing or harvesting the increasing amounts of waste heat generated in commercial and military aircraft. In the commercial aircraft industry IESA is driven by the desire to minimize airplane operating costs associated with increased system weight, power consumption, drag, and lost revenue as cargo space is devoted to expanded cooling systems. In military aircraft thermal IESA is also considered to be a key enabler for the successful implementation of the next generation jet fighter weapons systems and countermeasures. This book contains a selection of papers relevant to aircraft thermal management IESA published by SAE International. They cover both recently developed government and industry- funded thermal management IESA such as the Integrated Vehicle Energy Technology (INVENT) program, and older published papers still relevant today which address modeling approaches.

Author : David K. Irick
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 35,57 MB
Release : 2005
Category :
ISBN :

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The project is focused on the development of an energy efficient aftertreatment system capable of reducing NOx and methane by 90% from lean-burn natural gas engines by applying active exhaust flow control. Compared to conventional passive flow-through reactors, the proposed scheme cuts supplemental energy by 50%-70%. The system consists of a Lean NOx Trap (LNT) system and an oxidation catalyst. Through alternating flow control, a major amount of engine exhaust flows through a large portion of the LNT system in the absorption mode, while a small amount of exhaust goes through a small portion of the LNT system in the regeneration or desulfurization mode. By periodically reversing the exhaust gas flow through the oxidation catalyst, a higher temperature profile is maintained in the catalyst bed resulting in greater efficiency of the oxidation catalyst at lower exhaust temperatures. The project involves conceptual design, theoretical analysis, computer simulation, prototype fabrication, and empirical studies. This report details the progress during the first twelve months of the project. The primary activities have been to develop the bench flow reactor system, develop the computer simulation and modeling of the reverse-flow oxidation catalyst, install the engine into the test cell, and begin design of the LNT system.