[PDF] Activity Dependent Regulation Of Inhibitory Circuitry eBook

Author : Nikhil Sharma
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 30,62 MB
Release : 2015
Category :
ISBN :

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Inhibition controls information flow through a neural circuit by modulating synaptic integration, restricting action potentials, and coordinating the activity of ensembles of neurons. These functions are mediated by a diverse array of inhibitory neuron subtypes that synapse on defined domains of a postsynaptic neuron. Activity-dependent transcription controls inhibitory synapse number and function, but how this transcription program affects the inhibitory inputs that form on distinct domains of a neuron remains unclear. We find that behaviorally-driven expression of the transcription factor NPAS4 orchestrates the redistribution of inhibitory synapses made onto a pyramidal neuron, simultaneously promoting inhibitory synapse formation onto the cell body while destabilizing inhibitory synapses formed on the dendrites. This rearrangement of inhibition across a neuron is mediated in part by the NPAS4 target gene brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which specifically regulates somatic inhibition. These findings suggest that sensory stimuli, by inducing NPAS4 and its target genes, differentially control spatial features of neuronal inhibition in a way that restricts the output of the neuron while creating a dendritic environment that is permissive for plasticity.

Author : Henry Kennedy
Publisher : Springer
Page : 173 pages
File Size : 23,59 MB
Release : 2016-03-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3319277774

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This book has brought together leading investigators who work in the new arena of brain connectomics. This includes ‘macro-connectome’ efforts to comprehensively chart long-distance pathways and functional networks; ‘micro-connectome’ efforts to identify every neuron, axon, dendrite, synapse, and glial process within restricted brain regions; and ‘meso-connectome’ efforts to systematically map both local and long-distance connections using anatomical tracers. This book highlights cutting-edge methods that can accelerate progress in elucidating static ‘hard-wired’ circuits of the brain as well as dynamic interactions that are vital for brain function. The power of connectomic approaches in characterizing abnormal circuits in the many brain disorders that afflict humankind is considered. Experts in computational neuroscience and network theory provide perspectives needed for synthesizing across different scales in space and time. Altogether, this book provides an integrated view of the challenges and opportunities in deciphering brain circuits in health and disease.

Author : Melanie A. Woodin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 191 pages
File Size : 27,68 MB
Release : 2010-11-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1441969780

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This volume will explore the most recent findings on cellular mechanisms of inhibitory plasticity and its functional role in shaping neuronal circuits, their rewiring in response to experience, drug addiction and in neuropathology. Inhibitory Synaptic Plasticity will be of particular interest to neuroscientists and neurophysiologists.

Author : Sarah L. Pallas
Publisher : Springer
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 33,47 MB
Release : 2009-12-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1441912436

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Neuroscience has long been focused on understanding neural plasticity in both development and adulthood. Experimental work in this area has focused almost entirely on plasticity at excitatory synapses. A growing body of evidence suggests that plasticity at inhibitory GABAergic and glycinergic synapses is of critical importance during both development and aging. The book brings together the work of researchers investigating inhibitory plasticity at many levels of analysis and in several different preparations. This topic is of wide relevance across a number of different areas of research in neuroscience and neurology. Medical problems such as epilepsy, mental illness, drug abuse, and movement disorders can result from malfunctioning inhibitory circuits. Further, the maturation of inhibitory circuits may trigger the onset of critical periods of neural circuit plasticity, raising the possibility that such plastici periods could be reactivated for medical benefit by manipulating inhibitory circuitry.

Author : Jeffrey Noebels
Publisher : OUP USA
Page : 1258 pages
File Size : 39,22 MB
Release : 2012-06-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0199746540

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Jasper's Basic Mechanisms, Fourth Edition, is the newest most ambitious and now clinically relevant publishing project to build on the four-decade legacy of the Jasper's series. In keeping with the original goal of searching for "a better understanding of the epilepsies and rational methods of prevention and treatment.", the book represents an encyclopedic compendium neurobiological mechanisms of seizures, epileptogenesis, epilepsy genetics and comordid conditions. Of practical importance to the clinician, and new to this edition are disease mechanisms of genetic epilepsies and therapeutic approaches, ranging from novel antiepileptic drug targets to cell and gene therapies.

Author : Takao K. Hensch
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 17,28 MB
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1461500397

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A new perspective on brain function depends upon an understanding of the interaction and integration of excitation and inhibition. A recent surge in research activity focused on inhibitory interneurons now makes a more balanced view possible. Technological advances such as improved imaging methods, visualized patch-clamp recording, multiplex single-cell PCR, and gene-targeted deletion or knock-in mice are some of the novel tools featured in this book. This book will provide an integrated view of neuron function, operating in a balanced regime of excitation and inhibition. It is a timely contribution emphasizing how this balance is established, maintained, and modified from the molecular to system levels. The broad spectrum of topics from molecular to cellular and system/computational neuroscience will appeal to a wide audience of advanced graduate students, post-docs, and faculty. Moreover, this book this book features active young researchers from around the world, who are currently educating the brain scientists of tomorrow.

Author : Retina Research Foundation (U.S.). Symposium
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 39,80 MB
Release : 1991
Category : Neuroreguladores
ISBN : 9780262121545

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Development of the Visual System presents a selection of current studies that clearly illustrate principles of visual system development. These range from retinal development in fish and frogs to the effects of abnormal visual experience on the primary visual cortex of the cat. The book is unique in addressing four specific and fundamental aspects of development: cell lineage and cell fate, specificity and targeting of axons, specification of visual cortex, and correlates of the critical period. Encompassing technical advances in cellular and molecular biology and in video imaging and microscopy, contributions in each of these areas provide new information at the cellular and molecular levels to complement the now classic descriptions of visual development previously available at the level of neural systems.ContributorsKaren L. Allendoerfer, David M. Altshuler, Antonella Antonini, Seymour Benzer, Edward M. Callaway, Constance L. Cepko, Hollis T. Cline, Max S. Cynader, N. W. Daw, Scott E. Fraser, K. Fox, Eckhard Friauf, Anirvan Ghosh, R. W. Guillery, William A. Harris, Christine E. Holt, Lawrence C. Katz, Susan McConnell, Pamela A. Raymond, Thomas A. Reh, Carla J. Shatz, Michael P. Stryker, Claudia A. 0. Stuermer, Mriganka Sur, David L. Turner, T. N. Wiesel

Author : Anja Payne
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 41,47 MB
Release : 2023
Category :
ISBN :

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In order to form a memory, transient experiences are captured by neurons in the brain and transformed into long-lasting changes in cell circuitry and connectivity. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying memory formation it is necessary to determine how pyramidal neuron (PN) activity is transformed into changes in the future output of the neuron. NPAS4, an immediate early gene that is expressed transiently following PN activity, has been linked to changes in inhibitory synaptic connectivity. Specifically, NPAS4 leads to recruitment of somatic CCK basket cell synapses and destabilization of CCK dendritic inhibitory synapses. This cell-autonomous regulation of inhibitory synapses indicates that NPAS4 plays a role in shaping CA1 PN activity in vivo but, to date, there are no studies investigating this. Here we use an optotagging approach to compare the in vivo activity of simultaneously recorded, intermingled, NPAS4 wild type and knockout (KO) CA1 PNs from freely moving mice. We find that NPAS4 KO neurons have impaired spatial tuning and that this is accompanied by deficits in the stability of their firing across the session. Furthermore, NPAS4 KO neurons are less bursty within the place field. This reduction in bursting has implications for other aspects of spike timing including theta-coupling and phase precession. Specifically, we find that NPAS4 KO neurons are less theta-coupled within the place field and that their phase precession slopes are more shallow. Taken together our results demonstrate that NPAS4, through the reorganization of inhibitory synapses, is important for both the tuning of place fields in CA1 and for the refinement of sequences.

Author : Jeffery A. Winer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 711 pages
File Size : 27,80 MB
Release : 2010-12-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 1441900748

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There has been substantial progress in understanding the contributions of the auditory forebrain to hearing, sound localization, communication, emotive behavior, and cognition. The Auditory Cortex covers the latest knowledge about the auditory forebrain, including the auditory cortex as well as the medial geniculate body in the thalamus. This book will cover all important aspects of the auditory forebrain organization and function, integrating the auditory thalamus and cortex into a smooth, coherent whole. Volume One covers basic auditory neuroscience. It complements The Auditory Cortex, Volume 2: Integrative Neuroscience, which takes a more applied/clinical perspective.

Author : Antonius M. VanDongen
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 10,50 MB
Release : 2008-10-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 142004415X

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The NMDA receptor plays a critical role in the development of the central nervous system and in adult neuroplasticity, learning, and memory. Therefore, it is not surprising that this receptor has been widely studied. However, despite the importance of rhythms for the sustenance of life, this aspect of NMDAR function remains poorly studied. Written