[PDF] Acoustic Analysis Of Ultrasound Contrast Agents eBook
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"The book consists of nine chapters. The first 3 chapters give a broad overview of the acoustic theory for bubble-sound interaction, both linear and nonlinear. Most contrast agents are stabilized in a shell, and this shell can have a strong influence on the interaction between the bubbles and the ultrasound. The effect of the shell is given special attention, as this is not easily found in other bubble literature. Chapters 4, 5, 6 and 7 describe experimental and theoretical methods used to characterize the acoustic properties of the agents, and results of studies on some agents. Chapter 8 shows how the theory and the experimental results can be combined and used to model various phenomena by means of computer simulations. The main purpose of the simulations is to get insight into the mechanisms behind the described phenomena, not to get accurate predictions and values.
Recent advancements in nano/micro materials and related characterization approaches allow the design of a new type of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) with enhanced multifunctional behaviour. This is chance is also supported by the recent achievements in modelling and signal processing. This book provides the state of art of the research activity of two successful European projects, TAMIRUT and SIGHT, addressing an integrated system, encompassing the contrast agent, the hardware equipment and the processing strategies, as a key tool for a combined diagnostic and therapeutic approaches (theranostics) in medical ultrasound. The work provides a highlight of the state of art in the research of novel ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs). Main progresses on the multifunctional aspects of next-generation UCAs concern targeting and drug release properties, perfusion and biointerface behaviour, ultrasound scattering performance, signal processing, electronic equipment.
The International Symposium of Acoustical Imaging has been widely recognized as the premier forum for presentations of advanced research results in both theoretical and experimental development. Held regularly since 1968, the symposium brings together th leading international researchers in the area of acoustical imaging. The 24 meeting is the third time Santa Barbara hosted this international conference and it is the first time the meeting was held on the campus of the University of California, Santa Barbara. As many regular participants noticed over the years, this symposium has grown significantly in size due to the quality of the presentations as well as the organization itself. A few years ago multiple and poster sessions were introduced in order to accommodate this growth. In addition, the length of the presentations was shortened so more papers could be included in the sessions. During recent meetings there were discussions regarding the possibility of returning to the wonderful years when the symposium was organized in one single session with sufficient time to allow for in-depth presentation as well as discussions of each paper. And the size of the meeting was small enough that people were able to engage in serious technical interactions and all attendees would fit into one photograph. In light of the constraints of the limited budget with respect to the escalating costs it was not considered feasible.
Author : Roman Gr. Maev Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media Page : 510 pages File Size : 10,76 MB Release : 2012-12-06 Category : Medical ISBN : 1441986065
This book constitutes the Proceedings of the 26th Symposium on Acoustical Imaging held inWindsor, Ontario, Canada during September 9-12, 2001. This traditional scientific event is recognized as a premier forum for the presentation of advanced research results in both theoretical and experimental development. The lAIS was conceived at a 1967Acoustical Holography meeting in the USA. Since then, these traditional symposia provide an opportunity for specialists who are working in this area to make new acquaintances, renew old friendships and present recent results of their research. Our Symposium has grown significantly in size due to a broad interest in various topics and to the quality of the presentations. For the firsttime in 40 years, the IAIS was held in the province of Ontario in Windsor, Canada's Automotive Capital and City of Roses. The 26th IAIS attracted over 100specialists from 13countries representing this interdisciplinary field in physical acoustics, image processing, applied mathematics, solid-state physics, biology and medicine, industrial applications and quality control technologies. The 26th lAIS was organized in the traditional way with only one addition-a Special Session "History of Acoustical Imaging" with the involvement of such well known scientists as Andrew Briggs, Noriyoshi Chubachi, Robert Green Jr., Joie Jones, Kenneth Erikson, and Bernhard Tittmann. Many of these speakers are well known scientists in their fields and we would like to thank them for making this session extremely successful.
Ultrasound contrast agents are micron size bubbles used for medical purposes such as diagnostic ultrasound imaging and targeted drug delivery. These bubbles are encapsulated with a shell and have a sparingly soluble gas inside to prevent them from premature dissolution. When these bubbles are excited by the ultrasound they scatter and absorb energy from the sound field, thus leading to the attenuation of the ultrasound signal. In this thesis, we have developed a viscous and a viscoelastic model for the shell. Attenuation measured in vitro is compared with model predictions to obtain the characteristic model parameters (surface tension, shell elasticity, dilatational viscosity) for commercially available contrast agents. The viscous model predicts unusually high values of surface tension which motivated the viscoelastic model. We have also used both models to predict the scattered response of microbubbles. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Abstract: Lipid-coated microbubbles, which have been widely used in diagnostic ultrasound as contrast agents, also show promising applications in medical therapy. The knowledge of acoustic behaviors and shell properties with respect to Ultrasound Contrast Agents (UCA) microbubbles can greatly enhance and extend their clinical applications. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-based microfluidic flow-focusing device was fabricated to produce lipid-coated microbubbles with narrow size distribution and controllable mean diameters (3-12um). These monodisperse microbubbles show unique acoustic properties compared with commercial UCA microbubbles with wide size distribution, which makes it possible to investigate the relationship between microbubble size and attenuation coefficient, resonance frequency, or backscattering experimentally. Our studies show that monodisperse microbubbles can be tailored for optimal contrast enhancement in ultrasound imaging. By using an ultrasound spectroscopy method, the frequency-dependent attenuation coefficient for monodisperse microbubbles and polydisperse microbubbles were measured and compared. The results showed that decreasing the width of the microbubble size distribution would lead to a reduction in the bandwidth, and an increase in the magnitude of the attenuation spectrum. The resonance frequency determined by the attenuation coefficient peak was inversely proportional to the mean diameter of the monodisperse microbubble suspension. These conclusions corroborated the theoretical predications. The dependence of resonance frequency on acoustic pressure and lipid composition have also been examined and compared with theoretical calculations. The results demonstrated that the lipid shell of microbubbles behaviors nonlinearly, even at low pressure, which results in a decrease of resonance frequency as incident pressure was increased, approaching the resonance frequency of uncoated bubbles. Moreover, the length of the lipid hydrocarbon chain impacts the dependences of shell stiffness, attenuation coefficient, and resonance frequency on the excitation pressure. The frequency-dependent backscattering coefficients for monodisperse microbubbles have been investigated using a broadband pulses technique over different sizes, concentrations and pressures. The experimental results showed the same size-dependent resonance peaks as attenuation coefficient. It demonstrated that increasing the acoustic pressure caused a frequency shift of resonance peak, but no significant changes on magnitude. A linear dependence on microbubble concentration for backscatter coefficient was confirmed. In addition, the pressure-dependent backscattering coefficients at 2.25 MHz were studied. It is interesting to note that with the increase of incident pressure, the change of backscattering coefficients values, increase or decrease, were strongly dependent on the mean size of microbubbles.
The development and improvement of ultrasound contrst agents has greatly aided sonographers in the evaluation of a variety of diseases and disorders. This work sets out to familiarize the reader with the principles and practicalities of contrast agents of different chemical composition, and with which agent to use for each specific body system.