[PDF] Twenty Year Interior Spruce Tree Growth And Nutrient Levels On Calcareous Soils In Southeastern British Columbia eBook

Author : Douglas George Maynard
Publisher :
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 12,85 MB
Release : 2009
Category : Nature
ISBN :

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The general objective of this study was to determine if calcium carbonate was a limiting factor in the growth of 20-year old interior spruce. The specific objectives were: to describe the soil conditions for the acidic (eka) and calcareous (ekc) soil groupings for the progeny test sites studied by Xie et al. (1998); to determine the relationship of 20-year-old interior spruce growth with depth to carbonates at two calcareous sites within the former Invermere Forest District; to determine the relationship of soil and foliar chemistry to interior spruce growth at the two calcareous sites; and to compare the foliage chemistry of interior spruce growing on calcareous soils to interior spruce growing on a non-calcareous soil.--Document.

Author : O. A. Steen
Publisher : University of British Columbia Press
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 13,29 MB
Release : 2005
Category : Nature
ISBN :

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This study describes the composition, size and age structure, and development of three old Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir stands at high elevations (>1500 m) in the Quesnel Highland in east-central British Columbia. The descriptions provide a basis for designing alternative silvicultural systems that will maintain usable old-forest habitat for mountain caribou and other old-growth-dependent species. Subalpine fir, which comprised 86% of all stems in the three stands, had inverse-J-shaped size and age profiles. Engelmann spruce included the largest trees in each stand but had bimodal size and age profiles. Age structure interpretations suggest that the stands have developed over periods of about 290-450 years since the last major stand-level disturbances (probably wildfires). Current stand age structures contain no clear evidence of post-establishment stand-level disturbances, although the data do not exclude the possibility of such disturbances. Approximately 29% of the fir trees and 13% of the spruce trees were dead. Age analyses of the tree seedling banks in the three stands indicate stable populations with continuous recruitment during the last 40 years. Young seedlings occurred preferentially on woody debris in advanced stages of decay, suggesting that seedling density differences among stands may be due at least partially to differences in the amount of woody debris. The stand that apparently had the shortest time (about 290 years) for development since major disturbance had a structure that was still adjusting to disturbance. Evidence of this adjustment includes a bimodal fir age distribution and a high density of small trees that are apparently undergoing thinning. In addition, this stand had very few large (>60 cm dbh) live or dead trees and low volumes of coarse woody debris, especially in large and well-decomposed pieces, compared to the other two stands. A comparison of the three stands in this study suggests that naturally established high-elevation forests of the ESSFwc3 may not achieve some old-growth attributes, such as large dead trees and large, well-decomposed woody debris, until 400 or more years following initiation. The two stands in this study with the longest period of development (at least 450 years) had balanced size and age structures and well-represented old-growth attributes such as large dead trees and large, well-decayed woody debris. Planted stands may achieve some ESSFwc3 old-growth features several decades sooner than natural stands, due to a shorter stand initiation period. The alternative silvicultural system that has been proposed for maintaining suitable mountain caribou habitat following harvesting in this area (group selection system with 240-year rotation) will likely result in stands with many old-growth features, including abundant arboreal lichens. Some features that may not be present in these stands include a uniform inverse-J age distribution, many large (>60 cm dbh) live and standing dead trees, and large-diameter, well-decayed woody debris. As old stands in the ESSFwc3 continue to age without outside disturbance, the spruce component of the stands will likely decline. Partial harvesting would help to maintain a significant component of spruce in these stands.

Author : James E. Lotan
Publisher :
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 18,54 MB
Release : 1949
Category : Agriculture
ISBN :

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Set includes revised editions of some issues.

Author : N. Merle Peterson
Publisher : UBC Press
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 28,25 MB
Release : 2011-11-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0774844256

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Sitka spruce, the largest of the world's spruces, is an important component of British Columbia's coastal forests. Its ecology gives it a special place in the sustainable management of the province's forests. However, in west coast forestry it is poorly known in comparison with its main coniferous companions -- Douglas-fir, western redcedar, and western hemlock. As an important international forestry resource, it is crucial that Sitka spruce -- its ecology and the ecosystems in which it occurs -- be clearly understood by those who are involved with its management.

Author : Miroslaw M. Czapowskyj
Publisher :
Page : 16 pages
File Size : 24,44 MB
Release : 1986
Category : Black spruce
ISBN :

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S2A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effects of soil water level on growth, biomass accretion, and inorganic element uptake by black spruce. One-year-old containerized seedlings were grown for 3 years at three water table depths. All trees survived for the duration of the study confirming that black spruce has a certain degree of survival tolerance to high water tables. However, tree height, diameter growth, and biomass production significantly increased as the depth to water table increased. The foliar levels of N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, and B increased and those of Cu and Mn decreased with the increasing depth to the water table. For ash and Ca, differences were significant but did not follow a consistent trend. In shoots, the level of N, Ca, and Mg increased and those of ash, K, Fe, Cu, B, Al, and Mn decreased with the increasing depth to the water table. The level of P was not affected by the water table. In roots, the level of N and Ca increased and the level of ash, Mn, Fe, Al, and Cu decreased with increasing depth to the water table. The level of P, Mg, and Zn was significantly different but did not follow any trend. Foliar concentration of ash, Ca, Na, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Al, and B increased and concentration of N, P, K, and Mg decreased with the increasing foliage age. In shoots, ash, Ca, Al, Fe, and Zn increased and N, P, K, Mg, and B decreased with the increasing tree and shoot age. In roots, Fe, Mn, Na, and Al increased and N, P, and Cu decreased with the increasing tree age.S3.

Author : Jeanette Lynne Heineman
Publisher :
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 28,13 MB
Release : 1991
Category : Spruce
ISBN :

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On a site with a high water table and thick forest floor near Smithers, B.C., two year-old Interior spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss X Picea engelmanni Parry) container seedlings were outplanted onto mineral soil, H-layer material, F-layer material, and rotten wood. Large and small screef sizes were utilized. Temperature and volumetric water contents of the various substrates were monitored over the 1989 growing season, and fertilization with NH4NO3 was carried out at the beginning of the 1990 growing season. Destructive sampling of the seedling population took place in August 1989 and August 1990 in order to determine height, root collar diameter, root mass, shoot mass, total seedling mass, and shoot to root ratio. Foliar N concentrations were also determined in late August 1990. Differences in height and diameter for the seven screef size/substrate treatments were not significant, but the organic substrates produced seedlings of greater root, shoot, and total seedling mass than did mineral soil. Greater seedling mass was correlated most strongly with higher substrate temperature, and to a lesser extent with lower soil moisture content, as well as with higher foliar N concentration. There were no significant differences in survival between the treatments. Seedlings growing in the organic substrates had higher foliar N levels, and fertilization improved growth for all parameters. It is concluded that on sites such as this, better growth results can be achieved by planting Interior spruce seedlings high above the water table in F-layer material, where conditions are warmer and drier, than by making deep screefs down to more traditionally acceptable planting substrates such as mineral soil or even the well decomposed H-layer material.