[PDF] Transcriptional Regulations Of Neuronal Morphogenesis eBook

Author : Serena Dudek
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 426 pages
File Size : 32,24 MB
Release : 2007-11-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0387736093

GET BOOK

Regulation of gene transcription by neuronal activity is evident in a large number of neuronal processes ranging from neural development and refinement of neuronal connections to learning and response to injury. In the field of activity-dependent gene expression, rapid progress is being made that can impact these, and many other areas of neuroscience. This book offers an up-to-date picture of the field.

Author : Celine Santiago
Publisher :
Page : 468 pages
File Size : 28,47 MB
Release : 2016
Category :
ISBN :

GET BOOK

Receptors expressed on the surface of neurons during development direct cell migration, axon guidance, dendrite morphogenesis, and synapse formation by responding to cues in the neuron’s environment. The expression levels and the activity of cell surface receptors must be tightly controlled for a neuron to acquire its unique identity. Transcriptional mechanisms are essential in this process, and many studies have identified requirements for specific transcription factors during the different steps of neural circuit assembly. However, the downstream effectors by which most of these factors control morphology and connectivity remain unknown. In Chapter 1, I highlight recent work that elucidated functional relationships between transcription factors and the cellular effectors through which they regulate neural morphogenesis and synaptogenesis in multiple model systems. In Chapters 2 and 3, I present data demonstrating that the homeodomain transcription factors Hb9 and Islet control motor axon guidance in Drosophila embryos through distinct effectors: Hb9 regulates the (Roundabout) 2 receptor in a subset of motor neurons, while Islet acts in the same cells to regulate the Frazzled/DCC receptor. Genetic rescue experiments indicate that these relationships are functionally important for the guidance of motor axons to their muscle targets. In addition, Islet regulates motor neuron dendrite targeting in the central nervous system (CNS) through Frazzled, demonstrating how an individual transcription factor can control multiple aspects of neuronal connectivity through the same effector. In Chapter 4, I characterize a non-canonical function for the Robo2 receptor during midline crossing, and present data suggesting that this activity requires Robo2 to be expressed in midline cells, providing an example of how mechanisms that regulate guidance receptor gene expression are key to regulating receptor function and nervous system formation. In Chapter 5, I explore the implications of these findings, and propose future directions of research to build upon them.

Author : Ramendra N. Saha
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 46,8 MB
Release : 2024-11-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783031685491

GET BOOK

This book discusses the regulation of gene transcription by neuronal activity that is evident in a large number of neuronal processes ranging from neural development and refinement of neuronal connections to learning and response to injury. Transcriptional Regulation by Neuronal Activity: To the Nucleus and Back, 2nd edition illustrates how signals are transmitted to the nucleus in response to neuronal activity, which genes are regulated and how this is achieved, and how these changes in gene expression alter neuronal function. The aim of this second edition is to highlight key advances in the field since the first edition. The book is divided into four sections. The first highlights how signals get to the nucleus from the membrane in response to synaptic or neuronal activity. Included are chapters on the pathways that transmit signals from synapses to nuclei. The second section focuses on epigenetic regulatory processes of activity-induced gene transcription, an area that has exploded in the past few years. The third section navigates the role of activity-induced genes in physiological processes such as learning and memory, and human developmental disorders such as those associated with the autism spectrum. The fourth section highlights groundbreaking technological advances in the field, which have allowed activity-regulated transcription to be used as a tool to study learning and memory.

Author : Rebecca Ann Alizzi
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 15,13 MB
Release : 2021
Category :
ISBN :

GET BOOK

Neurons are a diverse group of cells, with their unique morphology often linked to specific functional requirements. The intricate morphology of neurons necessitates a multilayered developmental process, with regulation occurring at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational levels. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that mediate post-transcriptional regulation can function at all stages of the lifecycle of a transcript, allowing for rapid and localized control over gene expression. These regulatory features are particularly important in cells as expansive and morphologically complex as neurons. The Drosophila larval class IV dendritic arborization (da) neurons provide an ideal system for studying the role of RBPs in neuron development. These highly branched sensory neurons completely and non-redundantly tile the larval body wall. Here, we analyze the role of the RBP Found in neurons (Fne) in regulating the space-filling dendrite growth that is characteristic of these neurons. Our results indicate that Fne regulates multiple transcripts and in doing so, is able to modulate both processes intrinsic to the neuron as well as interactions between the neuron and the surrounding environment. By regulating multiple, functionally-related transcripts in tandem, Fne is able to act as a central coordinator of neuronal morphology. This synchronized regulation is likely to be an important feature of many other RBPs that have been implicated in neuronal morphogenesis. Furthermore, our results reveal that the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of Fne in class IV da neurons are distinct from its recently revealed functions in the central nervous system. The differences in Fne function in various types of neurons, and therefore its participation in distinct regulatory processes, could be a feature that is common to many RBPs and may contribute to the vast morphological diversity observed in neurons.

Author : Pasko Rakic
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 560 pages
File Size : 20,77 MB
Release : 2020-05-29
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0128236736

GET BOOK

Synapse Development and Maturation, the latest release in the Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series, presents the latest information on the genetic, molecular and cellular mechanisms of neural development. The book provides a much-needed update that underscores the latest research in this rapidly evolving field, with new section editors discussing the technological advances that are enabling the pursuit of new research on brain development. This volume focuses on the synaptogenesis and developmental sequences in the maturation of intrinsic and synapse-driven patterns. Features leading experts in various subfields as section editors and article authors Presents articles that have been peer reviewed to ensure accuracy, thoroughness and scholarship Includes coverage of mechanisms which regulate synapse formation and maintenance during development Covers neural activity, from cell-intrinsic maturation, to early correlated patterns of activity

Author : Brian L. Nelms
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Page : 227 pages
File Size : 17,9 MB
Release : 2010
Category : Science
ISBN : 161504048X

GET BOOK

The neural crest is a remarkable embryonic population of cells found only in vertebrates and has the potential to give rise to many different cell types contributing throughout the body. These derivatives range from the mesenchymal bone and cartilage comprising the facial skeleton, to neuronal derivatives of the peripheral sensory and autonomic nervous systems, to melanocytes throughout the body, and to smooth muscle of the great arteries of the heart. For these cells to correctly progress from an unspecifi ed, nonmigratory population to a wide array of dynamic, differentiated cell types-some of which retain stem cell characteristics presumably to replenish these derivatives-requires a complex network of molecular switches to control the gene programs giving these cells their defi ning structural, enzymatic, migratory, and signaling capacities. This review will bring together current knowledge of neural crest-specifi c transcription factors governing these progressions throughout the course of development. A more thorough understanding of the mechanisms of transcriptional control in differentiation will aid in strategies designed to push undifferentiated cells toward a particular lineage, and unraveling these processes will help toward reprogramming cells from a differentiated to a more naive state. Table of Contents: Introduction / AP Genes / bHLH Genes / ETS Genes / Fox Genes / Homeobox Genes / Hox Genes / Lim Genes / Pax Genes / POU Domain Genes / RAR/RXR Genes / Smad Genes / Sox Genes / Zinc Finger Genes / Other Miscellaneous Genes / References / Author Biographies

Author : Gerald Thiel
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 505 pages
File Size : 35,74 MB
Release : 2006-05-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 3527607366

GET BOOK

This first book to cover neural development, neuronal survival and function on the genetic level outlines promising approaches for novel therapeutic strategies in fighting neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. Focusing on transcription factors, the text is clearly divided into three sections devoted to transcriptional control of neural development, brain function and transcriptional dysregulation induced neurological diseases. With a chapter written by Nobel laureate Eric Kandel, this is essential reading for neurobiologists, geneticists, biochemists, cell biologists, neurochemists and molecular biologists.

Author : Haluk Lacin
Publisher :
Page : 183 pages
File Size : 26,92 MB
Release : 2010
Category : Electronic dissertations
ISBN :

GET BOOK

The central nervous system is the most complex and highly organized tissue in animals; composed of thousands of neurites connected in specific and highly reproducible ways. My thesis research has focused on the generation of neuronal diversity: specifically how neurons adopt individual, often unique, identities. Work in many labs has revealed that a large set of transcription factors act in combinatorial manner to specify the fate of individual neurons or small groups of neurons. However, in most cases, it remains unclear how individual or specific combinations of transcription factors directly control the terminal differentiation of neurons via the regulation of different genes, such as neurotransmitters. My thesis work has focused on the identification and characterization of new members of the combinatorial code of transcription factor and on initial attempts to link these transcription factors to the expression and activity of genes that contribute directly to neuronal differentiation. In chapter 2, I describe the identification and characterization of Dbx, a homedomain-containing transcription factor, expressed in a mixture of progenitor cells and a subset of GABAergic interneurons. I show that Dbx is expressed in many interneurons that are sibling to motor neurons, and that Dbx is required to promote the development of these interneurons via cross-repressive interactions with Eve and Hb9, which are expressed in the sibling motor neurons. In chapter 3, I detail the identification of FoxD, a transcription factor that is positively regulated by the homeodomain-containing transcription factor Hb9 in the Drosophila CNS. FoxD is expressed in a subset of Hb9 positive neurons and also in all octopaminergic neurons in the Drosophila embryonic CNS. I have identified the enhancers that drive expression in these neurons and have recently generated two mutant alleles of foxD. Loss of foxD appears to result in hyperactivity, which is most pronounced in males. As octopamine is the fly equivalent of norepinephrine, these results suggest that FoxD may function in specific cells to regulate the synthesis and release of octopmaine. Thus, my thesis has identified two members of the combinatorial code of transcription factors that govern neuronal identity. In addition, it has begun to place the functions of these genes within the genetic regulatory hierarchy of this code and started to link the function of individual transcription factors to the regulation of terminal differentiation genes and animal behavior.