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Author : Miriam Butt Publisher : Center for the Study of Language (CSLI) Page : 270 pages File Size : 19,87 MB Release : 1995-07 Category : Foreign Language Study ISBN : 9781881526582
This book takes a detailed look at two differing complex predicates in the South Asian language Urdu. The Urdu permissive in particular brings into focus the problem of the syntax-semantics mismatch. An examination of the syntactic properties of this complex predicate shows that it is formed by the combination of two semantic heads, but that this combination is not mirrored in the syntax in terms of any kind of syntactic or lexical incorporation.
This study aims to analyze the syntax of complex predicates in Urdu. Complex predicate is a widespread phenomenon across the world languages and in Urdu as well. Urdu complex predicates are made up of a V1V2 sequence, where V1 is main verb and V2 is light verb. The main verb occurs in stem form and light verb contributes aspectual information to the clause. Complex predicates phenomenon of Urdu is analyzed under the Minimalist Program (Chomsky, 1993, 1995, 2001), which has two levels of representation (i.e., logical form and phonological form).
Author : Alex Alsina i Keith Publisher : Stanford Univ Center for the Study Page : 514 pages File Size : 40,19 MB Release : 1997 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines ISBN : 9781575860466
Urdu is said to be a free word order language. However, arrangement of phrases within a sentence is more fluid than the arrangement of words in a phrase. The encoding of grammatical relations may be suggested by any of: case, agreement, position or semantics. Urdu has a rich anaphoric inventory; some of them have fixed antecedent. The subject of the complement clause may be controlled by the subject or the object of the main clause depending upon the main verb. Identification of topic and focus in a sentence may be determined by the position in case of natural (frozen) order. Urdu is also known as a pro- drop language not only in dialog style writing but also otherwise. Imperative, Question, and Relative sentence constructions are also discussed in this book. The complex predicates, causatives, and serial verb constructions are also studied during this survey.
Covers research in complex predicates within a variety of languages, such as German, Dutch, Italian, French, Korean and Urdu. This work focuses on diverse aspects of complex predicate phenomena, including order variation, constituency relations, interactions with other construction types, argument relations, and the syntax morphology interface.
Complex Predicates Have Been A Readily Identifiable Feature Of South Asian Languages. This Study Is The First Attempt Of Its Kind To Bring Together The Data And Descriptive Facts From Various South Asian Languages With A View To Providing A Comparative Picture As Well As An Overall Theoretical Perspective.
Complex predicates are multipredicational, but monoclausal structures. They have proven problematic for linguistic theory, particularly for proposed distinctions between the lexicon, morphology, and syntax. This volume focuses on the mapping from morphosyntactic structures to event structure, and in particular the constraints on possible mappings. The volume showcases the 'coverb construction', a complex predicate construction which, though widespread, has received little attention in the literature. The coverb construction contrasts with more familiar serial verb constructions. The coverb construction generally maps only to event structures like those of monomorphemic verbs, whereas serial verb constructions map to a range of event structures differing from those of monomorphemic verbs. The volume coverage is truly cross-linguistic, including languages from Australia, Papua New Guinea, Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, East Africa and North America. The volume establishes a new arena of research in event structure, syntax, and cross-linguistic typology.
This book offers a comprehensive investigative study of argument realisation in complex predicates and complex events at the syntax-semantic interface across a wide variety of the world’s languages, ranging over languages such as German, Irish, Sicilian and Italian, Lithuanian, Estonian and other Finno-Ugric languages, Pitjantjatjara, Yankunytjatjara and Ngaanyatjarra from Australia’s Western Desert region, Japanese, Tepehua (Totonacan, Mexico), Cheyenne, Mexican Spanish, Boharic Coptic, and Persian. This volume examines the syntactic variation of complex events, complex predicates and multi-verb constructions within a single clause where the clause is view as representing a single event, studying their semantics and syntax within functional, cognitive and constructional frameworks, to arrive at a better understanding of their cross linguistic behaviour and how they resonate in syntax. These constructions manifest considerable variability in cross-linguistic comparisons of complex predicate formation. In European languages, for example, typically one of the verbs in a verb-verb construction highlights a phase of an underspecified event while the matrix verb specifies the actual event. In contrast, serial verbs require each verb to provide a sub-event dimension within a complex event that is viewed holistically as unitary in syntax. This book contributes to an understanding of complex events, complex predicates and multi-verb constructions across languages, their syntactic constructional patterns and argument realisation.
This volume offers theoretical and descriptive perspectives on the issues pertaining to ergativity, a grammatical patterning whereby direct objects are in some way treated like intransitive subjects, to the exclusion of transitive subjects. This pattern differs markedly from nominative/accusative marking whereby transitive and intransitive subjects are treated as one grammatical class, to the exclusion of direct objects. While ergativity is sometimes referred to as a typological characteristic of languages, research on the phenomenon has shown that languages do not fall clearly into one category or the other and that ergative characteristics are not consistent across languages. Chapters in this volume look at approaches to ergativity within generative, typological, and functional paradigms, as well as approaches to the core morphosyntactic building blocks of an ergative construction; related constructions such as the anti-passive; related properties such as split ergativity and word order; and extensions and permutations of ergativity, including nominalizations and voice systems. The volume also includes results from experimental investigations of ergativity, a relatively new area of research. A wide variety of languages are represented, both in the theoretical chapters and in the 16 case studies that are more descriptive in nature, attesting to both the pervasiveness and diversity of ergative patterns.