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"This book is the biography of a Chinese disease. Born in antiquity and reaching maturity during the epidemics that swept China during the seventeenth-century collapse of the Ming dynasty, the ancient notion of wenbing Warm diseases continued to play a role even in the response of Traditional Chinese Medicine to the outbreak of SARS in 2002-3. By following wenbing from its birth to maturity and even life in modern times this book approaches the history of Chinese medicine from a new angle. It explores the possibility of replacing older narratives that stress progress and linear development with accounts that pay attention to geographic, intellectual, and cultural diversity. By doing so it integrates the history of Chinese medicine into broader historical studies in a way that has not so far been attempted, and addresses the concerns of a readership much wider than that of Chinese medicine specialists"--Provided by publisher.
This book traces the history of the Chinese concept of "Warm diseases" (wenbing) from antiquity to the SARS epidemic. Following wenbing from its birth to maturity and even life in modern times Marta Hanson approaches the history of Chinese medicine from a new angle. She explores the possibility of replacing older narratives that stress progress and linear development with accounts that pay attention to geographic, intellectual, and cultural diversity. By doing so her book integrates the history of Chinese medicine into broader historical studies in a way that has not so far been attempted, and addresses the concerns of a readership much wider than that of Chinese medicine specialists. The persistence of wenbing and other Chinese disease concepts in the present can be interpreted as resistance to the narrowing of meaning in modern biomedical nosology. Attention to conceptions of disease and space reveal a previously unexamined discourse the author calls the Chinese geographic imagination. Tracing the changing meanings of "Warm diseases" over two thousand years allows for the exploration of pre-modern understandings of the nature of epidemics, their intersection with this geographic imagination, and how conceptions of geography shaped the sociology of medical practice and knowledge in late imperial China. Speaking of Epidemics in Chinese Medicine opens a new window on interpretive themes in Chinese cultural history as well as on contemporary studies of the history of science and medicine beyond East Asia.
Author : Harold John Cook Publisher : Brill Page : 0 pages File Size : 43,75 MB Release : 2020 Category : Communication in medicine ISBN : 9789004362741
Medical ideas and practices originating in China became entangled in the activities of other places through processes of alteration once known as translatio. Recognition of differences provoked creative responses in Japan, the imperial court, and Enlightenment Europe.
"Traditional Chinese medicine has been practiced in various forms for more than a thousand years. Practitioners may heal patients with herbal remedies, acupuncture, massage, exercise, and modified diets. Even today, herbal medicines are of particular importance; Chinese pharmacies containing a vast array of remedies can be found in cities and towns the world over. This book is an interdisciplinary and cultural history of the concept of "pharmacy," both the drugs themselves and the trade in medicine, during the Ming and Qing dynasties of early modern China. This was a time of change for traditional Chinese medicine and for Chinese science as a whole. Many historians have argued that sixteenth-century China was a high point of scientific inquiry, followed by a period of intellectual decline. Though political and intellectual shifts led to a crisis of authority over pharmaceutical knowledge in the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries, Bian argues that this period of supposed intellectual decline was in fact characterized by numerous efforts to further refine and spread the pharmacological knowledge amassed in the Ming dynasty. She draws on a wide range of primary sources, but particularly through the study of bencao (pronounced "pen ts'ao"), a genre of encyclopaedic works, often called matteria medica or pharmacopoeia in the West, that collect information on medicinal substances. As the early modern Chinese Empire expanded and print culture became more widespread, the pursuit of medical remedies became a significant commercial enterprise. The author connects theory and practice of pharmacy during the Ming and Qing dynasties to broader developments in intellectual history, book culture, commerce, and taxation"--
A wide-ranging study that illuminates the connection between epidemic diseases and societal change, from the Black Death to Ebola This sweeping exploration of the impact of epidemic diseases looks at how mass infectious outbreaks have shaped society, from the Black Death to today. In a clear and accessible style, Frank M. Snowden reveals the ways that diseases have not only influenced medical science and public health, but also transformed the arts, religion, intellectual history, and warfare. A multidisciplinary and comparative investigation of the medical and social history of the major epidemics, this volume touches on themes such as the evolution of medical therapy, plague literature, poverty, the environment, and mass hysteria. In addition to providing historical perspective on diseases such as smallpox, cholera, and tuberculosis, Snowden examines the fallout from recent epidemics such as HIV/AIDS, SARS, and Ebola and the question of the world’s preparedness for the next generation of diseases.
In February 2003, a Chinese physician crossed the border between mainland China and Hong Kong, spreading Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)—a novel flu-like virus—to over a dozen international hotel guests. SARS went on to kill about 800 people and sicken 8,000 worldwide. By July 2003 the disease had disappeared, but it left an indelible change on public health in China. The Chinese public health system, once famous for its grassroots, low-technology approach, was transformed into a globally-oriented, research-based, scientific endeavor. In Infectious Change, Katherine A. Mason investigates local Chinese public health institutions in Southeastern China, examining how the outbreak of SARS re-imagined public health as a professionalized, biomedicalized, and technological machine—one that frequently failed to serve the Chinese people. Mason recounts the rapid transformation as young, highly-trained biomedical scientists flooded into local public health institutions, replacing bureaucratic government inspectors who had dominated the field for decades. Infectious Change grapples with how public health in China was reinvented into a prestigious profession in which global impact and recognition were paramount—and service to vulnerable local communities was secondary.
Author : King K. Holmes Publisher : World Bank Publications Page : 1027 pages File Size : 20,75 MB Release : 2017-11-06 Category : Medical ISBN : 1464805253
Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
COVID-19 is a severe and complex epidemic ravaging many countries. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has accumulated rich experience and achieved outstanding effects in its struggle against epidemics for thousands of years. As an essential intervention means for prevention and control of COVID-19, TCM boasts significant effects in relieving fever symptoms, slowing down disease progression, preventing disease transformation, reducing hormone dosage, and alleviating complications. Establishing and improving the emergency supply service mode of Chinese medicine in response to public health emergencies, and scientifically managing and allocating Chinese medicine medical resources are conducive to establishing a green channel for the emergency supply of Chinese medicine in response to major public health emergencies.This book focuses on the four oral Chinese patent medicines used in the clinical treatment period based on the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19 by the National Health Commission and National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China.This work is not only an important part of the theoretical system of TCM treatment based on syndrome differentiation but also an effective way to promote an even deeper integration of clinical pharmaceutical service and clinical medical practice.
The ancient art of Chinese medicine is known throughout the world for its unique methods of diagnosis and treatment. To many, its image is that of an esoteric art.Essence of Traditional Chinese Medicine provides a comprehensive and in-depth coverage of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Topics ranging from theories, practical experience and traditional material to modern technology offer a good foundation for understanding TCM. Diagrams and illustrations enhancing understanding of the text. The practical aspect is made relevant and applicable; stories of famous physicians are put across in a lively manner. All these make this book an easy and informative read.This book illustrates, in an easy-to-understand format, its fundamental concepts and history:
In Chinese medicine there are four classics that all serious students are required to study. These include the Classic of Internal Medicine (Nei Jing), Treatise on Cold Damage (Shang Han Lun), Synopsis of the Golden Chamber (Jin Kui Yao Lue), and "Warm Disease Theory (Wen Bing Xue). Warm Disease Theory" is the most modern of the four classics. Although referred to as a classic, in this context, the term "classic" means an area of classical study rather than a single classical text. Even though there are numerous references to warm diseases in very ancient texts, warm disease was not developed as an independent system until the Qing dynasty. There were several schools of warm disease, dating from the Ming and Qing dynasties, but until the time this text was written there had never been an attempt to integrate their ideas into an overview. The five medical experts who most significantly influenced the development of Warm Disease theory were Wu You Ke, Ye Tian Shi, Xue Sheng Bai, Wu Ju Tong, and Wang Meng Ying. The first of these, Wu You Ke, lived in the Ming dynasty. He put forward the theory of pestilence qi (li qi) which explained the role of certain infectious factors in the etiology of communicable diseases. His was the first theory to assert that warm pathogens enter the body through the mouth and nose. He published these ideas in his "Treatise on Acute Epidemic Warmth (Wen Yi Lun)." The other four medical experts all lived and wrote during the Qing dynasty. Dr Ye Tian Shi introduced the theory that warm diseases develop and transmit through four aspects, namely the defense, qi, construction, and blood aspects. His lectures and teachings were edited by his disciples and published in the "Treatise on Warm Heat (Wen Re Lun)". Xue Sheng Bai concentrated on discussing damp-heat disease factors. He clearly explained that damp-heat usually occurs from a combination of external yang brightness and internal greater yin factors affecting each other. He published his ideas in his "Detailed Analysis of Damp-Heat (Shi Re Tiao Bian). " Dr Wu Ju Tong expanded on the ideas of Dr Ye Tian Shi by developing a system of differential diagnosis based on the pathological changes in the triple burner. He summarized his findings and published them in his "Detailed Analysis of Warm Diseases (Wen Bing Tiao Bian)." Dr Wang Meng Ying developed insights on the cause of warm fevers, their symptoms, and their treatment methods, by applying the theories set down in the "Classic of Internal Medicine and Treatise on Cold Damage" to the views of his renowned contemporaries. He published his ideas in several books, the most important of which is "Warm Disease Latitudes and Longitudes (Wen Re Jing Wei). "However, even these great Ming and Qing dynasty doctors of warm disease, on whose works this text is based, only had partial insights; their views were relatively fragmentary. "Warm Disease Theory" is the first text to integrate the views of every school, the first to undertake a comprehensive discussion of the foundations of warm disease theory and the clinical treatment of warm diseases. It is in fact such a valuable source of theoretical and therapeutic information that it is often considered a modern classic.The text is arranged in two sections. The first introduces all the basic information about warm disease, including its history, disease causes, pattern identification, and general diagnostic and treatment methods. The second section devotes a separate chapter to each of the different warm diseases. It deals with the disease factors, clinical manifestations, pulses, and treatments in the warm diseases of the four seasons including wind warmth, spring warmth, summerheat warmth, damp warmth, latent summerheat warmth, autumn dryness, and warm toxins. In each of these warm diseases, the disease concepts, etiologies, pathologies, main points of diagnosis and treatment policies are discussed first, then the patterns and treatments of their characteristic disease transformations are explained.