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The author uses social epistemology to develop the cognitive authority theory. The fundamental concept of cognitive authority is that people construct knowledge in two different ways: based on their first-hand experience or on what they have learned second-hand from others. What people learn first-hand depends on the stock of ideas they bring to the interpretation and understanding of their encounters with the world. People primarily depend on others for ideas as well as for information outside the range of direct experience. Much of what they think of the world is what they have gained second-hand. All that people know of the world beyond the narrow range of their own lives is what others have told them. However, people do not count all hearsay as equally reliable; only those who are deemed to “know what they are talking about” become cognitive authorities. --
Compared to other kinds of knowledge, how fragile is our knowledge of morality? Does knowledge of the difference between right and wrong fundamentally differ from knowledge of other kinds, in that it cannot be forgotten? What makes reliable evidence in fundamental moral convictions? And what are the associated problems of using testimony as a source of moral knowledge? Sarah McGrath provides novel answers to these questions and many others, as she investigates the possibilities, sources, and characteristic vulnerabilities of moral knowledge. She also considers whether there is anything wrong with simply outsourcing moral questions to a moral expert and evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the method of equilibrium as an account of how we make up our mind about moral questions. Ultimately, McGrath concludes that moral knowledge can be acquired in any of the ways in which we acquire ordinary empirical knowledge. Our efforts to acquire and preserve such knowledge, she argues, are subject to frustration in all of the same ways that our efforts to acquire and preserve ordinary empirical knowledge are.
When life derails, our thin view of God is challenged. We can walk away, or let our questions lead us home. As you wrestle with God, engaging Him for yourself, you--like Jacob, Job and David--will see rumors die and revelation come alive.
Set in Alaska in 1965, a coming-of-age story of loss, adventure, violence, and redemption Fourteen-year-old Sam Barger’s life changes forever when his father dies and his family is forced to move from a remote homestead and fishing camp to the busy city of Anchorage. Life in the big city hits Sam a little differently; suddenly he’s surrounded by cars and girls, poverty and diversity, and new places to explore. One day he and his new friends stumble upon an abandoned nightclub, and it fires up Sam’s imagination and leads him into dangers he never expected. Can he survive the wilds of Anchorage before the end of summer? Secondhand Summer is the gripping debut novel inspired by author Dan Walker’s own life and experiences.
Seven Ways of Knowing is an examination of what we mean when we say we know something, and the extent and sureness of this knowledge. It starts with an analysis of our perception of material objects, the role of evolution, and the nature of space and time. A non-mathematical description of relativity and quantum theory is given in the opening chapters (with a more technical treatment in two appendices). Abstract knowledge, knowledge derived from reading and the media (second hand knowledge), and how we know other persons are the subjects of the next three chapters. These are followed by a chapter on how objectively we can distinguish good and evil and then an appraisal of whether there can be a rational belief in any religion. The book ends with a theory of perception, which offers the possibility of a coherent understanding of all the topics: it is compulsive and entirely original.
Isadora Myung Hee Sohn—Isa—has just spent ninety-five days in a pediatric burn unit in Albany, New York, recovering from the fire that burned her house and killed her parents. Moving back in time, Secondhand World casts a devastating spell, revealing the circumstances that led to the fire. Growing up the daughter of Korean-born parents, Isa is bullied by American classmates and barely noticed at home. Seeking the company of another outsider, Isa falls in love with Hero, an albino boy. But what starts out as a small teenage rebellion sets in motion a series of events and revelations Isa never could have foreseen.
With its many rites of initiation (religious, educational, professional or sexual), Elizabethan and Jacobean education emphasized both imitation and discovery in a struggle to bring population to a minimal literacy, while more demanding techniques were being developed for the cultural elite. The Circulation of Knowledge in Early Modern English Literature examines the question of transmission and of the educational procedures in16th- and 17th-century England by emphasizing deviant practices that questioned, reassessed or even challenged pre-established cultural norms and traditions. This volume thus alternates theoretical analyses with more specific readings in order to investigate the multiple ways in which ideas then circulated. It also addresses the ways in which the dominant cultural forms of the literature and drama of Shakespeare’s age were being subverted. In this regard, its various contributors analyze how the interrelated processes of initiation, transmission and transgression operated at the core of early modern English culture, and how Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare and Thomas Middleton, or lesser known poets and playwrights such as Thomas Howell, Thomas Edwards and George Villiers, managed to appropriate these cultural processes in their works.
Inspired by the website that the New York Times hailed as "redefining mourning," this book is a fresh and irreverent examination into navigating grief and resilience in the age of social media, offering comfort and community for coping with the mess of loss through candid original essays from a variety of voices, accompanied by gorgeous two-color illustrations and wry infographics. At a time when we mourn public figures and national tragedies with hashtags, where intimate posts about loss go viral and we receive automated birthday reminders for dead friends, it’s clear we are navigating new terrain without a road map. Let’s face it: most of us have always had a difficult time talking about death and sharing our grief. We’re awkward and uncertain; we avoid, ignore, or even deny feelings of sadness; we offer platitudes; we send sympathy bouquets whittled out of fruit. Enter Rebecca Soffer and Gabrielle Birkner, who can help us do better. Each having lost parents as young adults, they co-founded Modern Loss, responding to a need to change the dialogue around the messy experience of grief. Now, in this wise and often funny book, they offer the insights of the Modern Loss community to help us cry, laugh, grieve, identify, and—above all—empathize. Soffer and Birkner, along with forty guest contributors including Lucy Kalanithi, singer Amanda Palmer, and CNN’s Brian Stelter, reveal their own stories on a wide range of topics including triggers, sex, secrets, and inheritance. Accompanied by beautiful hand-drawn illustrations and witty "how to" cartoons, each contribution provides a unique perspective on loss as well as a remarkable life-affirming message. Brutally honest and inspiring, Modern Loss invites us to talk intimately and humorously about grief, helping us confront the humanity (and mortality) we all share. Beginners welcome.
Interviewing and Investigating: Essential Skills for the Paralegal, Ninth Edition, provides a thorough and practical approach to helping paralegal students establish a strong foundation in interviewing and investigating skills. Experienced author Stephen Parsons carefully places that instruction in exactly the context of civil disputes, criminal prosecutions, and commercial business transactions where modern lawyers need assistants with those skills. Students learn how to identify and locate witnesses, obtain vital information from both public and private sources, and how to arrange and conduct effective interviews of clients and witnesses, both in the office and in the field. Throughout, the text uses explanations, examples, and illustrations along with realistic case studies with vetted student role-playing assignments to accomplish its pedagogical goals. New to the Ninth Edition: ● New and freshened examples, hypotheticals, and Learn by Doing exercises ● Updated references to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, and Federal Rules of Evidence ● All forms have been updated ● Updated references to numerous online resources ● Chapters 1 and 2 contain expanded discussion of attorney responsibility and potential liability for paralegal conduct, including new ABA Formal Opinion 506 dealing with the use of paralegals for intake work ● Chapter 2 also expands coverage of the movement toward non-lawyer legal licensing ● Revised coverage of personal jurisdiction in civil litigation in Chapter 3 ● In the chapters on communication skills and interviewing, fresh consideration of concepts such as implicit bias as the potential enemy of communication and comprehension. ● Continued emphasis on the latest developments in communication technology ● Expanded discussion of the implications of the growing participation by individuals and entities in social media on the tasks of identifying and locating witnesses, interviewing clients and witnesses, and e-discovery in civil and criminal cases ● New coverage of Artificial intelligence (AI) and facial recognition technology Professors and students will benefit from: ● Dynamic pedagogy, including hypotheticals with questions, Learn by Doing exercises, chapter summaries, and basic review questions in every chapter ● Examples from civil, criminal, litigation, and non-litigation scenarios ● Emphasis on ethical and professional standards, integrated throughout the text and focused on in a chapter devoted to ethical issues ● Four realistic cases for analysis and use in the Learn by Doing exercises-homicide, personal injury, domestic relations, and a commercial real estate development project ● Keep in Mind feature emphasizes and recaps important points