[PDF] Recovery Of Rare Earth Elements By Advanced Processing Technologies eBook

Author : Prince Sarfo
Publisher :
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 29,86 MB
Release : 2019
Category :
ISBN : 9781392455944

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Rare earth elements (REEs) are strategic materials of extreme importance to both military and civil applications. REEs are mined and processed because of their criticality. End of life rare earth metals are recycled for efficient use of natural resources and also to ensure supply of these critical raw materials. By using hydro- or pyro-metallurgical approaches, REEs can be processed from mined ore or recycled from magnets and other materials as rare earth oxides, fluorides and chlorides. Typically, rare earth oxides are dissolved in a molten halide bath, converted to metal by electrolysis at elevated temperatures, and then recovered as a liquid upon tapping and, later, as a solid upon casting and cooling. This research focuses on advanced separations which differences in physical and chemical properties of the molten bath are taken advantage of to yield effective recovery of neodymium metal. To achieve the neodymium metal recovery, a unique approach using novel potential (E)-pO28́2 diagrams coupled with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrowinning (EW) was employed. Another aspect includes the use of a novel hydrometallurgical method to recycle neodymium magnets to produce neodymium fluoride so it could also become a feedstock to the molten bath considered in this work.

Author : Rajesh Kumar Jyothi
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 174 pages
File Size : 14,89 MB
Release : 2020-03-25
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3030381064

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This book examines the development, use, extraction, and recovery of rare earth metals. Rare earth elements (REEs) occupy a key role in daily life in industrial applications. They are one of the critical elements for energy and sustainable growth. REEs are utilized in many modern electrical and electronic devices such as smart phones, computers, LED lights etc. Recovery of the REEs from secondary resources represents a way to meet the growing demand for electronic devices. Because of their rarity, utility, and importance, the recovery, utilization and recycling of rare earth metals is of utmost importance. This book presents both current methods of processing rare earths from primary and secondary sources and new, green routes for their isolation and purification. The book also addresses their utilization, re-use, reduction, and recycling policies that exist globally. Applications in metallurgy, magnets, ceramics, electronics, and chemical, optical, and nuclear technologies are discussed.

Author : Abhilash
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 49,84 MB
Release : 2019-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 0429659814

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This book is aimed to compile the distribution of rare earth elements in various resources with their processing from secondary resources. It includes details of various processes developed for extraction of rare earth elements from varied raw materials ranging from e-wastes, tailings, process wastes and residues. It emphasizes importance of processing of the secondary resources to assist environmental remediation of such untreated wastes and get finished products. It covers all aspects of rare metals and rare earth metals in one volume covering extraction, separation and recycling of secondary resources for extraction of these metals along with relevant case studies.

Author : Athanasios K. Karamalidis
Publisher : American Geophysical Union
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 31,87 MB
Release : 2024-10-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119515036

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Rare Earth Elements Sustainable Recovery, Processing, and Purification Rare earth elements are used in many modern technologies including electronics, clean energy, defense, aerospace, and automotive. It is important that increasing demand is met in ways that are more environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable than in the past. Rare Earth Elements: Sustainable Recovery, Processing, and Purification describes sources of rare earths and methods of production that have the potential to make recovery, processing, and purification more sustainable. Volume highlights include: Global overview of rare earth production, reserves, and resources Improvements in the recovery process to reduce costs and environmental impacts Potential new sources of rare earths that were not previously technically feasible Options for recovery of rare earths as byproducts of other activities Contributions from experts in academia, industry, government, research, and nonprofit organizations The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Author : Wenbo Ruan
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 34,45 MB
Release : 2016
Category :
ISBN :

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The market of rare earths (RE); crucial elements needed in every field of industry; is currently being controlled by China since middle of the past century. China controls about 95% of global rare earths production and holds half the world reserves of RE. For years, China controlled the exportation of RE and in 2010 abruptly reduced its exportation quota creating supply disruptions. For this reason, rare-eaths elements (REE) have been considered by the EU as critical elements and it is a need to extract them from secondary sources. As secondary resources include urban wastes (e.g. fluorescent lamps, batteries, TV tubes and flat screens, etc.) and industrial (e.g. magnets) and mining wastes (e.g. mining tailings, clays, etc.). The concentration of RE in most of the secondary sources is below 1% and then recovery from such types of wastes include the combination of hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processing technologies. For hydrometallurgical processing, after proper dissolution of the raw wastes with appropriate leaching solutions REE elements should be separated from transition metals (TM). REE streams then are concentrated by solvent extraction or ion-exchange as previous step to subsequent steps of separation and purification. In this study effluents collected in abandoned mines of the Odiel basin (Huelva) suffering acidmine drainage and solid wastes generated in the on-site treatment of such effluents have been evaluated as potential secondary REE resources. Liquid samples and solid wastes have been characterized chemically and the composition on REE and transition metals has been determined. In a second stage two ion exchange resins, one containing an aminophosphonic and sulphonic acid functional groups (Purolite S957) and one containing an imino-diacetic group (TP207) have been evaluated as potential materials for recovery of REE from moderate to strongly acidic solutions (from 0.01 to 10 M H2SO4). The capacity and the selectivity separation factors with TR metals as a function of resin dose and solution acidity have been determined using batch experiments. As a general trend REE elements are better extracted at more strong acidities than TM and when compared both resins TP207 shown higher extraction capacity than S957. Both for resins metal extraction processes are faster for S957 where after 15-30 minutes the system reached equilibrium. Contrary, the metal extraction reactions for TP207 are slower and more that 2-3 hours were needed to reach equilibrium. The, higher kinetics of S957 resins should be associated to the presence of sulfonic groups. The REE extraction had been proven to be possible with both of the resin, with upstanding result such as 100% REE extraction for resin S957 and up to 60% of REE extraction for resin TP 207. However, also TM were extracted even a very acidic solutions, and the differences found with REE are not enough to achieve the needed separation factors. The high levels of Fe and Cu in the studied samples seems to be one of the main limitations to achieve the required selectivity.

Author : Basudeb Basu
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 32,86 MB
Release : 2023-05-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 311078825X

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Over the years, the uses and applications of rare earth elements (REEs) diversified in various fields such as catalysis, production of magnets, glasses, alloys, and electronics. This book consists of fifteen chapters, which present recent advances and outlook on REEs and their oxides/salts in catalytic organic transformations, biomedical applications, bioremediation and environmental impacts.

Author : Leroy Eyring
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 373 pages
File Size : 10,96 MB
Release : 2013-09-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 1483185877

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Progress in the Science and Technology of the Rare Earths, Volume 2 is a collection of papers that details the advancement in various areas of rare earth technology. The coverage of the text includes the practical applications and methods of preparation of rare earth materials. The selection also covers topics about the various properties of rare earths, such as the molecular field model of exchange coupling in rare earth materials; thermodynamic and magnetic properties of the rare earth chalcogenides and pnictides; and structural and solid state chemistry of pure rare earth oxides. The book will be of great use to individuals involved in the research and development of technologies that utilize rare earth materials.

Author : Gisele Azimi
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 24,65 MB
Release : 2021-02-16
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3030654893

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This collection presents papers from a symposium on extraction of rare metals as well as rare extraction processing techniques used in metal production. It covers metals essential for critical modern technologies including electronics, electric motors, generators, energy storage systems, and specialty alloys. ​Rare metals are the main building blocks of many emerging critical technologies and have been receiving significant attention in recent years. Much research in academia and industry is devoted to finding novel techniques to extract critical and rare metals from primary and secondary sources. The technologies that rely on critical metals are dominating the world, and finding a way to extract and supply them effectively is highly desirable and beneficial. Rapid development of these technologies entails fast advancement of the resource and processing industry for their building materials. Authors from academia and industry exchange knowledge on developing, operating, and advancing extractive and processing technologies. Contributions cover rare-earth elements (magnets, catalysts, phosphors, and others), energy storage materials (lithium, cobalt, vanadium, graphite), alloy elements (scandium, niobium, titanium), and materials for electronics (gallium, germanium, indium, gold, silver). The contributions also cover various processing techniques in mineral beneficiation, hydrometallurgy, separation and purification, pyrometallurgy, electrometallurgy, supercritical fluid extraction, and recycling (batteries, magnets, electrical and electronic equipment).

Author : Hojong Kim
Publisher : Springer
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 49,87 MB
Release : 2017-02-03
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3319510851

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This collection presents papers from a symposium on extraction of rare metals as well as rare extraction processing techniques used in metal production. Topics include the extraction and processing of elements like antimony, arsenic, gold, indium, palladium, platinum, rare earth metals including yttrium and neodymium, titanium, tungsten, and vanadium. Rare processing techniques are covered, including direct extraction processes for rare-earth recovery, biosorption of precious metals, fluorination behavior of uranium and zirconium mixture of fuel debris treatment, and recovery of valuable components of commodity metals such as zinc, nickel, and metals from slag.

Author : Nagaiyar Krishnamurthy
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 537 pages
File Size : 39,75 MB
Release : 2004-12-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 0203413024

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Extractive Metallurgy of Rare Earths compiles information from scattered sources that is often available only to specialists. It provides a complete and usable survey of the rare earth resources, extraction, and production of numerous end products that translates to both laboratory and industrial settings. This book is a source of industry expertis