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This is a self-contained text on the logic and institutions of project finance, supplemented by a series of project finance case studies illustrating applications in different economic environments, across different jurisdictions and at different stages of development. It will introduce an analytical framework drawing on applied institutional economics that includes and concentrates primarily on an analysis of the institutional logic behind generic project finance arrangements. The application of the institutional framework will be demonstrated with project cases from Hong Kong, Thailand, India, Europe and Azerbaijan – each at different stages of development. While each project case will have a general theme and will highlight aspects of interest to built environment professionals, it will primarily be used to illustrate one or more specific PF/PFI principle.
Project finance has spread worldwide and includes numerousindustrial projects from power stations and waste-disposal plantsto telecommunication facilities, bridges, tunnels, railwaynetworks, and now also the building of hospitals, educationfacilities, government accommodation and tourist facilities. Despite financial assessment of PF projects being fundamental tothe lender’s decision, there is little understanding of howthe use of finance is perceived by individual stakeholders; why andhow a financial assessment is performed; who should be involved;where and when it should be performed; what data should be used;and how financial assessments should be presented. Current uncertainty in financial markets makes many sponsors ofconstruction project financings carefully consider bank liquidity,the higher cost of finance, and general uncertainty for demand.This has resulted in the postponement of a number of projects incertain industry sectors. Governments have seen tax receiptsdrastically reduced which has affected their ability to financeinfrastructure projects, often irrespective of the perceiveddemand. Equity providers still seek to invest, however there areless opportunities due to market dislocation. Due to the demand forglobal infrastructure it is believed that project financings willreturn to their pre-crunch levels, or more so, howeverlenders’ liquidity costs will be passed on to the borrowers.Lenders will also be under stricter regulation both internally andexternally. The steps outlined in the guide are designed to provide a basicunderstanding for all those involved or interested in bothstructuring and assessing project financings. Secondary contractsinvolving constructors, operators, finance providers, suppliers andofftakers can be developed and assessed to determine theircommercial viability over a projects life cycle. Special Features a structured guide to assessing the commercial viabilityof construction projects explains economic metrics to use in the decision makingprocess detailed case study shows how stakeholders apply the concept ofproject finance
The Second Edition of this best-selling introduction for practitioners uses new material and updates to describe the changing environment for project finance. Integrating recent developments in credit markets with revised insights into making project finance deals, the second edition offers a balanced view of project financing by combining legal, contractual, scheduling, and other subjects. Its emphasis on concepts and techniques makes it critical for those who want to succeed in financing large projects. With extensive cross-references and a comprehensive glossary, the Second Edition presents anew a guide to the principles and practical issues that can commonly cause difficulties in commercial and financial negotiations. Provides a basic introduction to project finance and its relationship with other financing techniques Describes and explains: sources of project finance; typical commercial contracts (e.g., for construction of the project and sale of its product or services) and their effects on project-finance structures; project-finance risk assessment from the points of view of lenders, investors, and other project parties; how lenders and investors evaluate the risks and returns on a project; the rôle of the public sector in public-private partnerships and other privately-financed infrastructure projects; how all these issues are dealt with in the financing agreements
The world of construction is intrinsically linked with that of finance, from the procurement and tendering stage of projects right through to valuation of buildings. In addition to this, things like administrations, liquidations, mergers, take-overs, buy-outs and floatations affect construction firms as they do all other companies. This book is a rare explanation of common construction management activities from a financial point of view. While the practical side of the industry is illustrated here with case studies, the authors also take the time to build up an understanding of balance sheets and P&L accounts before explaining how common tasks like estimating or valuation work from this perspective. Readers of this book will not only learn how to carry out the tasks of a construction cost manager, quantity surveyor or estimator, they will also understand the financial logic behind them, and the motivations that drive senior management. This is an essential book for students of quantity surveying or construction management, and all ambitious practitioners.
- Project finance as a tool for financing infrastructure projects - Public finance for infrastructure projects - Financial instruments - Financial engineering - Restructuring projects - Financial markets - The concession or build-own-operate-transfer (BOOT) procurement strategy - The private finance initiative - Challenges and opportunities for infrastructure development in developing countries - Financial institutions - Privatisation as a method of financing infrastructure projects - Typical risks in the procurement of infrastructure projects - Mechanism for risk management and its application to risks in private finance initiative projects - Insurance and bonding - Case study of a toll bridge project - Case study on managing project financial risks utilising financial engineering techniques
Current books on project finance tend to be non-technical and are either procedural or rely heavily on case studies. In contrast, this textbook provides a more analytical perspective, without a loss of pragmatism. Principles of Project and Infrastructure Finance is written for senior undergraduates, graduate students and practitioners who wish to know how major projects, such as residential and infrastructural developments, are financed. The approach is intuitive, yet rigorous, making the book highly readable. Case studies are used to illustrate integration as well as to underscore the pragmatic slant.
Tackle infrastructure development projects in emerging markets with confidence In Project Finance: Applications and Insights to Emerging Markets Infrastructure, distinguished professor and author Paul Clifford insightfully applies the fundamental principles of project finance structuring to infrastructure investments in emerging markets. Using leading emerging market case studies to illuminate the underlying themes of the book, the author provides a practitioner’s perspective and incisive analysis of concepts crucial to a complete understanding of project finance in emerging markets, including: · Risk management · ESG and impact investing · The emergence of new global multilateral development banks · China’s Belt and Road Initiative Project Finance bridges the gap between theoretical infrastructure development, investment, and finance and the implementation of that theory with instructive and applicable case studies. Throughout, the author relies on a grounded and quantitative approach, combining the principles of corporate finance with straightforward explanations of underlying technologies, frameworks, and national policies. This book is an invaluable resource for undergraduate and graduate students in finance, as well as professionals who are expected to deal with project and infrastructure finance in emerging markets.
In recent decades, resource-rich developing countries have been using their natural resources as collateral to access sources of finance for investment, countervailing the barriers they face when accessing conventional bank lending and capital markets. One of the financing models that have emerged as a result is the Resource Financed Infrastructure (RFI) model, a derivation of previous oil-backed lending models pioneered by several Western banks in Africa. Under a Resource Financed Infrastructure (RFI) arrangement, a loan for current infrastructure construction is securitized against the net present value of a future revenue stream from oil or mineral extraction. The model has been applied in several African countries, for a cumulative contract value of approximately $30 billion, according to publically available sources. This report, consisting of a study prepared by global project finance specialists Hunton & Williams LLP and comments from six internationally reputed economists and policy makers, provides an analytical discussion of resource-financed infrastructure (RFI) contracting from a project finance perspective. The report is meant as a forum for in-depth discussion and as a basis for further research into RFI’s role, risks, and potential, without any intention to present a World Bank–supported view on RFI contracting. It is motivated by the conviction that if countries are to continue to either seek RFI or receive unsolicited RFI proposals, there is an onus on public officials to discern bad deals from good, to judge unavoidable trade-offs, and to act accordingly. The report aims to provide a basis for developing insights on how RFI deals can be made subject to the same degree of public policy scrutiny as any other instrument through which a government of a low- or lower-middle-income country might seek to mobilize development finance.
Infrastructure and its effects on economic growth, social welfare, and sustainability receive a great deal of attention today. There is widespread agreement that infrastructure is a key dimension of global development and that its impact reaches deep into the broader economy with important and multifaceted implications for social progress. At the same time, infrastructure finance is among the most complex and challenging areas in the global financial architecture. Ingo Walter, Professor Emeritus of Finance, Corporate Governance and Ethics at the Stern School of Business, New York University, and his team of experts tackle the issue by focussing on key findings backed by serious theoretical and empirical research. The result is a set of viable guideposts for researchers, policy-makers, students and anybody interested in the varied challenges of the contemporary economy.
Project Finance in Theory and Practice: Designing, Structuring, and Financing Private and Public Projects, Fourth Edition provides essential, core coverage of project finance, offering new insights into Sharia-compliant instruments and a comprehensive overview of the current state of international regulation of banking post financial crisis. This updated edition includes new case studies and topics related to country risk, along with insights from project finance experts who share their specialized knowledge on legal issues and the role of advisors in project finance details. The book will be useful for readers at all levels of education and experience who want to learn how to succeed in project finance. Features useful, illustrative case studies Addresses human rights and sustainability issues, in particular the Equator Principles for determining, assessing and managing environmental and social risk in projects Explores treatment of guarantee mechanisms that governments are increasingly providing to private developers to attract private capital