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This volume brings the reader up to date on transport phenomena, including electrical and thermal conductivity and infrared properties. In addition, electron tunneling and the characteristics and applications of films are discussed; the preparation of the necessary samples has proceeded, and a sizeable body of reproducible data has become available. Pressure effects are also presented; considerable progress has been made in relating them to the crystallographic and electronic structure of high temperature superconductors. The preparation and characterization of bulk samples is also reviewed.
A much-needed update on complex high-temperature superconductors, focusing on materials aspects; this timely book coincides with a recent major break-through of the discovery of iron-based superconductors. It provides an overview of materials aspects of high-temperature superconductors, combining introductory aspects, description of new physics, material aspects, and a description of the material properties This title is suitable for researchers in materials science, physics and engineering. Also for technicians interested in the applications of superconductors, e.g. as biomagnets
Drawing from physics, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, ceramics, and metallurgy, high-temperature superconductivity (HTSC) spans nearly the entire realm of materials science. This volume presents each of those disciplines at an introductory level, such that readers will ultimately be able to read the literature in the field. The volu.
Since the publication of Physical Properties of High Temperature Superconductors I, research in the field of high temperature superconductivity has continued at a rapid pace. Volume II will contain chapters on some of the major areas of activity which were not covered extensively in Volume I: structure, microstructure, thermodynamics, oxygen stoichiometry effects, nuclear magnetic and quadrupole resonance, Hall effect, electronic structure, and the pairing state. Like Volume I, it will present authoritative and comprehensive reviews written by recognized experts in the field. This book should be useful to all students, scientists, and engineers who desire to know more about high temperature superconductivity.
While a great effort has been made to discover new high temperature superconductors, a large-scale, parallel effort has been made to determine the fundamental properties of these fascinating new materials. This is perhaps one of the best books in the field describing these vital properties in an organized and comprehensive manner. The authors are well known for their creative and powerful research on the new superconductors. This volume will be a useful reference for research workers and for graduate students. A subject index is also included for the user's convenience.
The discovery by J. G. Bednorz and K. A. Mtllier in 1986 that the superconducting state can exist in oxides at temperatures above 30 K stimulated research in the field of superconductivity and opened up a new field of research. Within a few years a large number of cuprate superconductors with transition temperatures well above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen have been found. The possibility of using liquid nitrogen as coolant re-stimulated interest in power applications of supercon ductivity. In this book an overview of the known high-Te superconductors and their physical properties is presented. Aspects related to conductor fabrication and high-current applications are emphasised. The material should be suitable for use in graduate level courses on superconductivity. Researchers in the field may profit from the large number of tables and references describing its status at the end of 1997. An introduction to high-To superconductivity must be based on the fundamental physical principles of normal-state electrical conductivity and the well-known characteristics of conventional superconductors. In Chapter 2 this background is provided. Crystal structures, anisotropic properties and general trends of the critical temperatures of the cuprate superconductors are described in Chapters 3 and 4. The processing of superconductor powders addressed in Chapter 5 affects considerably the current-carrying capacity of high-T. wires. In Chapter 6 several fabrication techniques for superconducting wires are described. In addition, the factors limiting the transport critical currents ofhigh-Te wires are discussed.
Prof. Heike Kamerlingh Onnes discovered superconductivity while measuring resistivity of mercury. Surprisingly the resistivity of mercury ceased at 4.2 K and this phenomenon was known as superconductivity. He realized the importance of this discovery in producing large magnetic fieldspl. delateIt was realized that superconductivity is in a new thermodynamic state with peculiar electric and magnetic properties. This paved the way to discover more superconductors. Simple elements such as Tin, Indium or lead showed the highest critical temperature (Tc) 7.2 K. They were called as Type 1 superconductors. Niobium-nitride was found to superconduct at 16 K at 1941 and Vanadium-silicon showed superconductive properties at 17.5 K at 1953. Nb alloys and binary or more complex compounds such as Nb3Sn (Tc – 18 K), Nb-Ti (Tc -9 K), Ga, V with Tc,23 K became type II superconductors. Thereafter, there was not much improvement in the development of superconductor although wonderful applications were expected from superconductors. After three decades, Fullerenes, like ceramic superconductors, are discovered. A decade ago MgB2 was discovered with Tc = 39 K. These superconductors were routinely produced into formof wires for producing larger magnetic fields. In all these cases cooling was effectively done by liquid Helium. A comprehensive microscopic theory of superconductivity in metals was proposed in 1957 by John Bardeen, Leon Cooper and Robert Schrieffer (the so-called “BCS” theory) for which they received the Nobel Prize in Physics. In a major breakthrough, George Bednorz and Karl Mueller discovered a brittle ceramic superconductivity in the family of cuprates at 30 K in 1986 and a new era began. Inspired by the work of Bednorz and Mueller on high temperature superconductivity (HTS), Paul Chu and his associates at the University of Houston discovered in 1987, 123 compounds. That is, YBCO (Yttrium1- Barium2-Copper3- Oxygen7) and iso-structural RBCO (Rare-earth1-Barium2-Copper3-Oxygen7) have a Tc of 93 K. Prior to 1987, all superconducting materials had lower critical temperatures (Tc’s) and therefore functioned only at temperatures near the boiling point of liquid helium (4.2 K) or liquid hydrogen (20.28 K), with the highest being Nb3Ge at 23 K. They were known as low temperature superconductors. YBCO was the first material to become superconducting above 77 K, (boiling point of liquid nitrogen) and subsequently a series of high temperature superconducting materials were discovered. These superconducting materials are widely known as High temperature superconductors as these Tc’s exceeded the limit prescribed by BCS theory. HTSCs are potentially valuable as liquid nitrogen is cheaper than liquid helium. YBCO possesses superior superconducting and physical properties. YBCO receiver coils in NMR-spectrometers have improved the resolution NMR spectrometers by a factor of 3 compared to that achievable with conventional coils. Paul Chu’s group holds the current Tc-record of 164 K in the mercury barium based cuprate superconductor under pressure. Their work led to a rapid succession of new high temperature superconducting materials, ushering in a new era in material science, chemistry and technology. Added to this the structure of Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu2O10(BiSCCO) high temperature superconductive compound having T= 110 K was reported. In 1993, mercuric-cuprates, perovskite ceramic superconductors with the transition temperatures Tc =138 K was also reported.
High Temperature Superconductivity provides a broad survey of high temperature superconductivity, discussing the adaptations of experimental and theoretical techniques and methods that take advantage of the revolutionary properties of high temperature superconductors. Distinguished engineers, chemists, and experimental and theoretical physicists introduce their own particular area of the field before going on to explain current theories and techniques. The book is divided into three sections: materials, mechanisms, and devices. Topics covered include synthetic approaches to the growth of new materials; optical, magnetic, and electrical characterization of synthesized materials; strong correlations; the magnon pairing mechanism; and technical background of device performance in new materials. A coherent introduction to high temperature superconductivity, this volume will be invaluable to researchers in condensed matter physics, chemistry, materials science, and engineering.
Ch. 1. Introduction and an overview of some recent progress / D.M. Ginsberg -- ch. 2. Transformations of the vortex solid / D.E. Farrell -- ch. 3. Anisotropy and interlayer coupling in the high Tc cuprates / S.L. Cooper and K.E. Gray -- ch. 4. Experimental studies of the isotope effect in high temperature superconductors / J.P. Franck -- ch. 5. Inelastic neutron scattering studies of the lattice vibrations of high Tc compounds / L. Pintschovius and W. Reichardt -- ch. 6. Infrared-active vibrations of high-temperature superconductors: experiment and theory / A.P. Litvinchuk, C. Thomsen and M. Cardona -- ch. 7. Superconducting properties of fullerenes / M.S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus and R, Saito
This review volume contains the most up-to-date articles on the chemical aspects of high temperature oxide superconductors. These articles are written by some of the leading scientists in the field and includes a comprehensive list of references. This is an essential volume for researchers working in the fields of ceramics, materials science and chemistry.