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The unprecedented economic success of South Korea since the 1990s has led in turn to a large increase in the number of immigrants and foreign workers in Korean industries. This book describes and explains the experiences of discrimination and racism that foreigners and ‘new’ Koreans have faced in a multicultural South Korea. It looks at how society has treated the foreigners and what their experiences have been given that common discourse about race in Korea surrounds issues of Korean heterogeneity and pure blood nationalism. Starting with critiques of Korean scholarship and policy framework on multiculturalism, this book argues for the need to revisit the most fundamental aspect of multiculturalism: the host population’s ability to respect new comers rather than discriminate against them. The author employs a critical realist understanding of racism and attempts to identify long-lasting institutional factors which make Korean society less than welcoming ‘new’ or temporary Koreans. A large number of new reportages are identified and systematically analysed based on the principles of grounded theory method. The findings show that nouveau-riche nationalism and pure-blood nationalism are widely practised when Koreans deal with ‘foreigners’. As a newly industrialised and highly successful nation, Korean society is still in transition and treats foreigners according to economic standard of their countries of origin. As one of the very first books in English about foreigners’ experiences of Korean nationalism, multiculturalism and discrimination, it will be of great interest to students and scholars of Sociology, Ethnic studies, Asian studies, Korean studies, Media studies and Cultural studies.
This book aims to capture the complicated development of Korea from monoethnic to multicultural society, challenging the narrative of “ethnonational continuity” in Korea through a discursive institutional approach. At a time when immigration is changing the face of South Korea and an increasingly diverse society becomes empirical fact, this doesn’t necessarily mean that multiculturalism has been embraced as a normative, policy-based response to that fact. The approach here diverges from existing academic analyses, which tend to conclude that core institutions defining Korea’s immigration and nationality regimes—nd which, crucially, also reflect a basic and hitherto unyielding commitment to racial and ethnic homogeneity—ill remain largely unaffected by increasing diversity. Here, this title underscores the critical importance of “discursive agency” as a necessary corrective to still dominant power and interestbased arguments. In addition, “discursive agents” are found to play a central role in communicating, promoting, and helping to instill the ideas that create a basis for change on the road to remaking Korean society. The Road to Multiculturalism in South Korea will be of interest to students and scholars of Asian studies, immigration and migration studies, race and ethnic studies, as well as comparative politics broadly.
Author : Kenneth M. Wells Publisher : University of Hawaii Press Page : 248 pages File Size : 47,24 MB Release : 1990-01-01 Category : History ISBN : 9780824813383
Author : Minjeong Kim Publisher : University of Hawaii Press Page : 218 pages File Size : 29,31 MB Release : 2018-04-30 Category : History ISBN : 0824869818
Elusive Belonging examines the post-migration experiences of Filipina marriage immigrants in rural South Korea. Marriage migration—crossing national borders for marriage—has attracted significant public and scholarly attention, especially in new destination countries, which grapple with how to integrate marriage migrants and their children and what that integration means for citizenship boundaries and a once-homogenous national identity. In the early twenty-first century many Filipina marriage immigrants arrived in South Korea under the auspices of the Unification Church, which has long served as an institutional matchmaker. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, Elusive Belonging examines Filipinas who married rural South Korean bachelors in the first decade of the twenty-first century. Turning away from the common stereotype of Filipinas as victims of domestic violence at the mercy of husbands and in-laws, Minjeong Kim provides a nuanced understanding of both the conflicts and emotional attachments of their relationships with marital families and communities. Her close-up accounts of the day-to-day operations of the state’s multicultural policies and public programs show intimate relationships between Filipinas, South Korean husbands, in-laws, and multicultural agents, and how various emotions of love, care, anxiety, and gratitude affect immigrant women’s fragmented citizenship and elusive sense of belonging to their new country. By offering the perspectives of varied actors, the book reveals how women’s experiences of tension and marginalization are not generated within the family alone; they also reflect the socioeconomic conditions of rural Korea and the state’s unbalanced approach to “multiculturalism.” Against a backdrop of the South Korean government’s multicultural policies and projects aimed at integrating marriage immigrants, Elusive Belonging attends to the emotional aspects of citizenship rooted in a sense of belonging. It mediates between a critique of the assimilation inherent in Korea’s “multiculturalism” and the contention that the country’s core identity is shifting from ethnic homogeneity to multiethnic diversity. In the process it shows how marriage immigrants are incorporated into the fabric of Korean society even as they construct new identities as Filipinas in South Korea.
Author : Michael Robinson Publisher : University of Washington Press Page : 232 pages File Size : 32,4 MB Release : 2014-04-01 Category : History ISBN : 0295805145
By studying the early splits within Korean nationalism, Michael Robinson shows that the issues faced by Korean nationalists during the Japanese colonial period were complex and enduring. In doing so, Robinson, in this classic text, provides a new context with which to analyze the difficult issues of political identity and national unity that remain central to contemporary Korean politics.
Author : John Lie Publisher : Institute of East Asian Studies University of California - B Page : pages File Size : 23,87 MB Release : 2014-04-01 Category : Cultural pluralism ISBN : 9781557291103
"A collection of essays on ethnic and cultural diversity in the Korean peninsula, focusing on South Korea, including monoethnic, nationalist ideology and multiculturalism as ideology and practice, the history of migration and diaspora, transnational adoption, and interracial and interethnic relations"--
Author : Hyung Il Pai Publisher : Institute of East Asian Studies University of California - B Page : 254 pages File Size : 21,15 MB Release : 1998 Category : History ISBN :
This book explains the roots, politics, and legacy of Korean ethnic nationalism, which is based on the sense of a shared bloodline and ancestry. Belief in a racially distinct and ethnically homogeneous nation is widely shared on both sides of the Korean peninsula, although some scholars believe it is a myth with little historical basis. Finding both positions problematic and treating identity formation as a social and historical construct that has crucial behavioral consequences, this book examines how such a blood-based notion has become a dominant source of Korean identity, overriding other forms of identity in the modern era. It also looks at how the politics of national identity have played out in various contexts in Korea: semicolonialism, civil war, authoritarian politics, democratization, territorial division, and globalization.
Nationalism in a nation-state reflects its emergent structural, cultural, and personal properties at a given time. In the politico-historical context of South Korea and the globe, the fruits of the 1968 Revolution in France could not reach Korean society under its military regime and exploitative economic structure. This continued to frustrate the grassroots and especially social actors in South Korea, which eventually brought about the June Struggle in 1987 and the 2016-2017 Candlelight Revolution. Calculated Nationalism in Contemporary South Korea sketches Korean grassroots' perception of their nation-state, national identities, and what they desire regarding the future direction of their nation-state. The grassroots have openly spoken out about their frustrations through political rallies and media. This book attempts to reflect the minds of Korean progressives regarding, in particular, the forcibly recruited Japanese military "comfort women," Abe's trade provocation against South Korea in 2019, reunification, the 2016-2017 Candlelight Revolution, National Flag-carriers' struggles, and bullying at work.
In this thesis on national membership and identity, I examine Korean Chinese perceptions of South Korea's commitment to multiculturalism and the consequent social and ideological changes that Korean Chinese experienced in South Korea, in terms of their migration and settlement. I analyse South Korea's concept and practice of citizenship in this transitional era and I delineate the influence of the changing ideas and practice of citizenship on Korean Chinese in terms of their ethno-national and cultural consciousness. Korean Chinese perceptions are important because they are the largest "co-ethnic", migrant and "naturalised citizen" group in South Korea. Their being influenced by a variety of types of nationalism and multiculturalism in South Korea and China also adds to the significance of their perspectives as they provide alternative points of view by revealing the complicated internal and external complexities that South Korea currently faces. My analysis is based on data from interviews with and participant observation of 60 Korean Chinese in South Korea and China in 2010; email interviews in 2011 with 60 Korean Chinese dispersed worldwide; and my review of existing research and government policy documents. The introduction of email interviews gave me some specific insights that I would not have been able to obtain if I confined my study geographically to South Korea and China. My thematic and comparative analysis of data draws from theories of nation and nationalism, multiculturalism, migration and identity constructions, and is grounded in the data itself. My research is an early attempt to study Korean Chinese in South Korea's multicultural context and in the wider context of the competing notions of Korean nationalism and Chinese nationalism. By including people who have not been a focus previously, and by examining leading contradictions that have received little attention before, my research better reflects the Korean Chinese community, and creates a more complete picture of Korean Chinese transnational migration. I found that the identities of Korean Chinese, which have already been complicated because of the competing forces of South Korea and China, have become increasingly diversified in the face of recent changes in South Korea. The perceived discriminative nationhood of South Korea and its social transition brought a sharp division of opinions amongst Korean Chinese in terms of their understanding of ethnic and cultural homogeneity. Multiple and flexible identities were highlighted from the frequent discordance between their self-identification during interviews and the identities revealed from their remarks to the interview questions. A transnational identity was indicated from people inclined to readjust their national identities in the host society. I also found that Korean Chinese have flexible understandings of citizenship, which contradicts their relatively firm understanding of ethnicity and nationality. This is because of their understandings that ethnicity and nationality were transmitted by birth or through inheritance from their parents, while citizenship was achieved when they were accepted into a country's political framework through legal processes. My study contributes to the scholarly discussions on national membership, and deepens the understanding of Korean national identity. Reconsidering national membership is important given that the claim that South Korea is homogeneous has been officially abandoned; and that the national boundary has been blurred by the increasing outflow of South Koreans and the influx of migrants. I found that multiculturalism has broadened the idea of Korean national membership, but only to limited extent, and the ethnicity-based concept of membership still thrives in South Korea, as was revealed from South Korea's request of proof of the blood ties for the Korean diaspora to gain South Korean citizenship, also from the hierarchal orders between South Koreans by birth and by naturalisation. Naturalised citizens often have difficulty in obtaining national inclusion in South Korea. This highlighted different dimensions of citizenship. A contradiction to the ethnicity-based concept of nationhood was that it was not wide enough to easily embrace co-ethnics if they do not meet the requirement of naturalisation or even if they do, in some cases. My findings suggest that hierarchical orders exist in South Korea between different migrant groups or different co-ethnic groups, based on their country of origin, occupations and the capital they brought to South Korea. Hierarchical orders even exist within a migrant group or a co-ethnic group. Korean Chinese resented being put low in the hierarchy. Ironically, they often facilitated the formation of the hierarchy, with their strong sense of entitlement. Key words: South Korea, Multiculturalism, Korean Chinese, Ethnic Return Migration, Citizenship, Ethno-national Consciousness, Ethnic Nationalism, Membership, Co-ethnic Preference.