[PDF] Mountain Timberlines eBook

Author : Friedrich-Karl Holtmeier
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 445 pages
File Size : 25,51 MB
Release : 2009-03-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 1402097050

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For more than 40 years I have been engaged in timberline research. Thus, one could suppose that writing this book should not have been too difficult. It was harder, however, than expected, and in the end I felt that more questions had arisen than could be answered within its pages. Perhaps it would have been easier to write the book 30 years ago and then leave the subject to mature. Lastly it was the late Prof. Heinz Ellenberg who had convinced me to portray a much needed and complete picture of what we know of the timberline with special respect to its great physiognomic, structural and ecological variety. The first version of this book was p- lished in the German language (Holtmeier, 2000). Nevertheless, I was very delighted when Prof. Martin Beniston encouraged me to prepare an English edition for the series ‘Advances in Global Change Research’, which guaranteed a wider circulation. Timberline is a worldwide and very heterogeneous phenomenon, which can only be presented by way of examples. My own field experience is necessarily limited to certain timberline areas, such as the Alps, northern Scandinavia, northern Finland and many high mountain ranges in the western United States and Canada. However, my own observations and the results of my and my previous collaborators research were essential for developing the concept of the book and became integrated into the picture of timberline that is presented in the following chapters.

Author : Stephen F. Arno
Publisher : Mountaineers Books
Page : 314 pages
File Size : 16,49 MB
Release : 1984
Category : Nature
ISBN :

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Originally published in 1984, this is a classic in Western natural history now made available again to climbers, hikers, and other enthusiasts.

Author : Andrew J. Hansen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 462 pages
File Size : 45,60 MB
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1461228042

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The emergence of landscape ecology during the 1980s represents an impor tant maturation of ecological theory. Once enamored with the conceptual beauty of well-balanced, homogeneous ecosystems, ecologists now assert that much of the essence of ecological systems lies in their lumpiness. Patches with differing properties and behaviors lie strewn across the land scape, products of the complex interactions of climate, disturbance, and biotic processes. It is the collective behavior of this patchwork of eco systems that drives pattern and process of the landscape. is not an end point This realization of the importance of patch dynamics in itself, however. Rather, it is a passage to a new conceptual framework, the internal workings of which remain obscure. The next tier of questions includes: What are the fundamental pieces that compose a landscape? How are these pieces bounded? To what extent do these boundaries influence communication and interaction among patches of the landscape? Will con sideration of the interactions among landscape elements help us to under stand the workings of landscapes? At the core of these questions lies the notion of the ecotone, a term with a lineage that even predates ecosystem. Late in the nineteenth century, F. E. Clements realized that the transition zones between plant communi ties had properties distinct from either of the adjacent communities. Not until the emergence of patch dynamics theory, however, has central signif icance of the ecotone concept become apparent.

Author : Friedrich-Karl Holtmeier
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 17,33 MB
Release : 2013-03-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 940151254X

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For about 40 years 1 have been engaged in timberline research. Thus, one could suppose that writing this book should not have been too difficult. It was harder, however, than expected, and in the end 1 feIt that more questions had arisen than could be answered within its pages. Perhaps it would have been easier to write the book twenty years aga and then leave the subject to mature. But the late Prof. Heinz Ellenberg convinced me to portray a much needed and complete pieture of what we know of the timberline with special respect to its great physiognomie, structural and ecological variety. The first version of this book was published in the German language (Holt meier, 2000). An extensive summary and translated figure and photo cap tions and table headings were added to enable non-German speaking people to make use of the book as weIl. Nevertheless, 1 was very delighted when Prof. Martin Beniston encouraged me to prepare an English edition for the series "Advances in Global Change Research", which will guarantee a wider circulation.

Author : Gregory Manchess
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 35,12 MB
Release : 2017-10-24
Category : Fiction
ISBN : 1481459252

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From renowned artist Gregory Manchess comes a lavishly painted novel about the son of a famed polar explorer searching for his stranded father, and a lost city buried under snow in an alternate future. When it started to snow, it didn’t stop for 1,500 years. The Pole Shift that ancient climatologists talked about finally came, the topography was ripped apart and the weather of the world was changed—forever. Now the Earth is covered in snow, and to unknown depths in some places. In this world, Wes Singleton leaves the academy in search of his father, the famed explorer Galen Singleton, who was searching for a lost city until Galen’s expedition was cut short after being sabotaged. But Wes believes his father is still alive somewhere above the timberline. Fully illustrated with over 120 pieces of full-page artwork throughout, Above the Timberline is a stunning and cinematic combination of art and novel.

Author : James E. Fell, Jr.
Publisher : University Press of Colorado
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 22,78 MB
Release : 2009-06-30
Category : History
ISBN : 0870819682

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This comprehensive treatment of the smelting industry of Colorado, originally published in 1979, is now back in print with a new preface by the author. Packed with fascinating statistics and mining data, Ores to Metals details the people, technologies, and business decisions that have shaped the smelting industry in the Rockies. Although mining holds more of the glamour for those in and interested in the minerals industry, smelters have continuously played a critical role in the industry’s evolution since their introduction in Colorado in the 1860s. At that time, miners desperately needed new technology to recover gold and silver from ores resistant to milling. Beginning as small independent enterprises, progressing to larger integrated firms working in urban centers, and finally following a trend toward mergers, the entire industry was absorbed into one large holding company—the American Smelting and Refining Company. Over time, fortunes were won and lost, business success was converted to political success, and advances were made in science and metallurgy. Drawing on archival material, Fell expertly presents the triumphs and troubles of the entrepreneurs who built one of the great industries of the West.

Author : W. Tranquillini
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 144 pages
File Size : 21,26 MB
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 3642671071

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In the European Alps the importance of forests as protection against ava lanches and soil erosion is becoming ever clearer with the continuing increase in population and development of tourism. The protective potential of the moun tain forests can currently only be partially realised because a considerable propor tion of high-altitude stands has been destroyed in historical times by man's extensive clearing ofthe forests. The forests still remaining are of limited effec tiveness, due to inadequate density of trees and over-maturity. Considerable efforts, however, are now being made in the Alps and other mountains of the globe to increase the high-altitude forested area through reforestation, to raise depressed timberlines, and to restore remaining protection forests using suit able silvicultural methods to their full protective value. This momentous task, if it is to be successful, must be planned on a sound foundation. An important prerequisite is the assembly of scientific facts con cerning the physical environment in the protection forest zone of mountains, and the course of various life processes of tree species occurring there. Since the introduction of practical field techniques it has been possible to investigate successfully the reaction of trees at various altitudes to recorded factors, and the extent to which they are adapted to the measured situations. Such ecophysio logical studies enable us to recognize the site requirements for individual tree species, and the reasons for the limits of their natural distribution.