[PDF] Modeling Simulation And Interpretation Of Spontaneous Potential Logs To Quantify Hydrocarbon Saturation eBook

Author : Joshua Christopher Bautista-Anguiano
Publisher :
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 46,79 MB
Release : 2016
Category :
ISBN :

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The Spontaneous Potential (SP) log has served for decades as a borehole correlation log and, under favorable circumstances, for the reliable in-situ assessment of water resistivity in rock formations of interest. Nevertheless, it is known from laboratory and field measurements that SP logs are sensitive to the presence of hydrocarbons. This report introduces the principles of SP log modeling using a mechanistic approach and describes their implementation in a SP log numerical simulator. Various synthetic and field cases verify the capabilities and improvement due to numerical modeling in the interpretation of SP logs. Quantification of hydrocarbon pore volume from SP logs is currently being validated with laboratory experiments. Those results and any modification to the models introduced in this document will be reported in a future doctoral dissertation. The main contribution and conclusions from this thesis originate from the presence of the electrical double layer (EDL) on the surface of mineral grains, its impact on SP measurements in the presence of hydrocarbons, and the utility and limitations it poses for the calculation of hydrocarbon pore volume and porosity. These petrophysical properties are independent of size. Thus, pore-size distribution and the volume of influence of the EDL in the pore space both determine whether SP logs will capture valuable information about hydrocarbon pore volume. Field cases are presented in which quantification of hydrocarbon pore volume is possible. Simulations made using the mechanistic principles presented in this work show consistency both in modeling and in comparison to measurements at the borehole scale. These field cases consider both water- and hydrocarbon-bearing formations in distinct petrophysical and geological environments. Calculations of hydrocarbon saturation and porosity are verified by the use of porosity and resistivity logs. The theory and results reported in this research highlight the importance of the EDL and the strong impact EDL has on improving interpretation of SP logs. Petrophysicists benefit from the possibility of mechanistically simulate SP logs that indicate the presence of hydrocarbon pore volume. This capability is useful in cases such as fresh-water environments where interpretation of resistivity logs may be problematic, or in mature hydrocarbon fields where only SP logs are available to the interpreter. The ability to simulate SP logs, particularly in mature hydrocarbon fields, offers a faster and less expensive way to evaluate new or overlooked gas or oil reservoirs.

Author : Andi Aniansyah
Publisher : Independently Published
Page : 96 pages
File Size : 45,50 MB
Release : 2018-12-23
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781792196461

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This book describe Formation Evaluation procedure such; Measure, Sample, and Test, MWD (measuring while drilling) & LWD (logging while drilling), determine rocks and fluid properties. And formation drilling data such The Drilling Rate, Bottoms UpCirculation, Oil and Gas Shows, The Cuttings, Core Sampling (Coring), and SWC (side wall coring) in common.This book also describe generally about Well Logging comprises well logging tools, Well logging operations, well log types, well logging methods, log interpretation such Quick-look methods, Quantitative interpretation, water and hydrocarbon saturation, pressure or sampling. In addition describe integration with seismic, Well deviation, Surveying, and Geosteering. Finally production tests types of production tests, DST (drill stem tests), WFT (wareline formation tests), IP (initial potential) test.

Author : Aziz Mennan
Publisher :
Page : 69 pages
File Size : 20,60 MB
Release : 2017
Category :
ISBN :

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"Maui-B is one of the largest hydrocarbon-producing fields in the Taranaki Basin. Many previous works have estimated reservoir volume. This study uses 3D property modeling, which is one of the most powerful tools to characterize lithology and reservoir fluids distribution through the field. This modeling will help in understanding the reservoir properties and enhancing the production by selecting the best location for future drilling candidates. In this study, 3D seismic, core, and well log data were used to build and define a structural model, facies analysis, and petrophysical parameters. After well log interpretation and petrophysical parameter calculations, each parameter was upscaled. Then, geostatistical methods, including Gaussian simulation, variogram, and Monte Carlo simulation, were used to build a 3D property model. A thousand 3D models were constructed and performed for each parameter; the outputs were implemented into Monte Carlo simulation, which is a highly reliable method regarding accuracy to calculate the mean of each parameter. Then, the volume of the reservoir was estimated. In this study, integration of seismic interpretation and well logs defined the depth and thickness of the hydrocarbon reservoir through the field. Gamma ray, spontaneous potential, and caliper logs were used for depth correlation and identifying permeable zones. As a result, five different lithofacies, where sandstone and claystone distribution have the significant impact on reservoir quality were identified. The matrix identification (MID) method was used for porosity correction, which showed effective porosity ranges of 15-25%. Moreover, permeability was estimated as 79-3700 mD, where all results were calibrated using available core data. Furthermore, 9% to 40% water saturation was estimated using the resistivity logs and core data. Finally, oil and gas in place were estimated"--Abstract, page iii.

Author : Zoya Heidari
Publisher :
Page : 474 pages
File Size : 10,4 MB
Release : 2011
Category : Geophysical well logging
ISBN :

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Reliable assessment of static and dynamic petrophysical properties of hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs is critical for estimating hydrocarbon reserves, identifying good production zones, and planning hydro-fracturing jobs. Conventional well-log interpretation methods are adequate to estimate static petrophysical properties (i.e., porosity and water saturation) in formations consisting of thick beds. However, they are not as reliable when estimating dynamic petrophysical properties such as absolute permeability, movable hydrocarbon saturation, and saturation-dependent capillary pressure and relative permeability. Additionally, conventional well-log interpretation methods do not take into account shoulder-bed effects, radial distribution of fluid saturations due to mud-filtrate invasion, and differences in the volume of investigation of the various measurements involved in the calculations. This dissertation introduces new quantitative methods for petrophysical and compositional evaluation of water- and hydrocarbon-bearing formations based on the combined numerical simulation and nonlinear joint inversion of conventional well logs. Specific interpretation problems considered are those associated with (a) complex mineral compositions, (b) mud-filtrate invasion, and (c) shoulder-bed effects. Conventional well logs considered in the study include density, photoelectric factor (PEF), neutron porosity, gamma-ray (GR), and electrical resistivity. Depending on the application, estimations yield static petrophysical properties, dynamic petrophysical properties, and volumetric/weight concentrations of mineral constituents. Assessment of total organic carbon (TOC) is also possible in the case of hydrocarbon-bearing shale. Interpretation methods introduced in this dissertation start with the detection of bed boundaries and population of multi-layer petrophysical properties with conventional petrophysical interpretation results or core/X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) data. Differences between well logs and their numerical simulations are minimized to estimate final layer-by-layer formation properties. In doing so, the interpretation explicitly takes into account (a) differences in the volume of investigation of the various well logs involved, (b) the process of mud-filtrate invasion, and (c) the assumed rock-physics model. Synthetic examples verify the accuracy and reliability of the introduced interpretation methods and quantify the uncertainty of estimated properties due to noisy data and incorrect bed boundaries. Several field examples describe the successful application of the methods on (a) the assessment of residual hydrocarbon saturation in a tight-gas sand formation invaded with water-base mud (WBM) and a hydrocarbon-bearing siliciclastic formation invaded with oil-base mud (OBM), (b) estimation of dynamic petrophysical properties of water-bearing sands invaded with OBM, (c) estimation of porosity and volumetric concentrations of mineral and fluid constituents in carbonate formations, and (d) estimation of TOC, total porosity, total water saturation, and volumetric concentrations of mineral constituents in the Haynesville shale-gas formation. Comparison of results against those obtained with conventional petrophysical interpretation methods, commercial multi-mineral solvers, and core/XRD data confirm the advantages and flexibility of the new interpretation techniques introduced in this dissertation for the quantification of petrophysical and compositional properties in a variety of rock formations.

Author : Toby Darling
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 335 pages
File Size : 23,15 MB
Release : 2005-05-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080457959

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This hand guide in the Gulf Drilling Guides series offers practical techniques that are valuable to petrophysicists and engineers in their day-to-day jobs. Based on the author’s many years of experience working in oil companies around the world, this guide is a comprehensive collection of techniques and rules of thumb that work.The primary functions of the drilling or petroleum engineer are to ensure that the right operational decisions are made during the course of drilling and testing a well, from data gathering, completion and testing, and thereafter to provide the necessary parameters to enable an accurate static and dynamic model of the reservoir to be constructed. This guide supplies these, and many other, answers to their everyday problems. There are chapters on NMR logging, core analysis, sampling, and interpretation of the data to give the engineer a full picture of the formation. There is no other single guide like this, covering all aspects of well logging and formation evaluation, completely updated with the latest techniques and applications. · A valuable reference dedicated solely to well logging and formation evaluation.· Comprehensive coverage of the latest technologies and practices, including, troubleshooting for stuck pipe, operational decisions, and logging contracts.· Packed with money-saving and time saving strategies for the engineer working in the field.