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"Investigation of Land Subsidence due to Fluid Withdrawal provides a detailed look overview of the occurrence and control of land subsidence due to fluid withdrawal"--
Investigation of Land Subsidence due to Fluid Withdrawal provides a detailed overview of the occurrence and control of land subsidence due to fluid withdrawal.
Subsidence of geologic surface structures due to withdrawal of fluids from aquifers and petroleum reservoirs is a phenomenon experienced throughout the world as the demand for water and hydrocarbons increases with increasing population growth. This book addresses the definition and theories of subsidence, and the influences of unique conditions on subsidence; it includes discussions of specific field cases and a basic mathematical model of reservoir compaction and accompanying loss of porosity and permeability. The book is designed as a reference for readers giving immediate access to the geological events that establish conditions for compaction, the mathematical theories of compaction and subsidence, and practical considerations of field case histories in various regions of the world.
An extensive review of the literature was conducted in the area of land subsidence due to the withdrawal of fluids. A method of categorizing the citations was developed to facilitate identification of references relating to specific fields of interest. A brief review of the materials represented by the bibliography indicates the state-of-the-art within this area. The bibliography (containing 1225 citations) is presented in its categorized form. 5 figs., 3 tabs.
Land subsidence attributable to the compaction (consolidation) of aquifer systems is recognized to be a geological hazard. It is an environmental consequence of groundwater withdrawal in many cities and other areas worldwide. Prediction of land subsidence due to subsurface fluid withdrawal (whether the fluid is oil, gas, water, stream, or geopressure brine) depends on the quantitative identification of parameters for a selected theoretical model. A new inverse algorithm (InvCOMPAC) for finding transient land subsidence parameters due to the combined compression and expansion of one or more confined aquifer systems in response to ground fluid withdrawal is developed in this dissertation. It consists of combining the Newton-Raphson adjustment algorithm and Helm's one-dimensional finite-difference compaction (or consolidation) model (COMPAC). The subsidence (or consolidation) model can be replaced by any appropriate model. This inverse code (or algorithm) identifies five parameters that control transient land subsidence at a site of interest: vertical hydraulic conductivity of compressible aquitards, K', nonrecoverable S' skv, and recoverable S'ske specific storage of the aquitards, specific storage of the aquifer, S S, and an initial vertical distribution, p' max0, of maximum past preconsolidation pressure within the confined aquifer system. For computational convenience, p'max0 may or may not be considered to be uniform. K', S'skv, S'ske, and S S are constants for the constant-parameter option or indicate only the initial values for the stress-dependent parameter option of Helm's model. An initial set of estimated values for these five parameters is found to be necessary in order to apply the inverse algorithm to an idealized compressible confined aquifer system. A new graphical-analytic method is introduced for estimating a realistic initial set of these values. The idealized data for developing this method is from COMPAC's calculation of compression and expansion in response to both long-term nondeclining sinusoidal boundary stress and also long-term declining sinusoidal boundary stress. This methodology is based on delay time constants of clay consolidation, the elastic hysteresis loop of clay stress-strain relationships, and Darcy's law. An investigation of this idealized model shows that the relative error of these five parameters found by applying the inverse model to calculated compaction using initial values of the parameters simply obtained from this methodology is 1.2∼6.3%. (Abstract shortened by UMI.). -- Abstract.