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Inference control in statistical databases, also known as statistical disclosure limitation or statistical confidentiality, is about finding tradeoffs to the tension between the increasing societal need for accurate statistical data and the legal and ethical obligation to protect privacy of individuals and enterprises which are the source of data for producing statistics. Techniques used by intruders to make inferences compromising privacy increasingly draw on data mining, record linkage, knowledge discovery, and data analysis and thus statistical inference control becomes an integral part of computer science. This coherent state-of-the-art survey presents some of the most recent work in the field. The papers presented together with an introduction are organized in topical sections on tabular data protection, microdata protection, and software and user case studies.
Inference control in statistical databases, also known as statistical disclosure limitation or statistical confidentiality, is about finding tradeoffs to the tension between the increasing societal need for accurate statistical data and the legal and ethical obligation to protect privacy of individuals and enterprises which are the source of data for producing statistics. Techniques used by intruders to make inferences compromising privacy increasingly draw on data mining, record linkage, knowledge discovery, and data analysis and thus statistical inference control becomes an integral part of computer science. This coherent state-of-the-art survey presents some of the most recent work in the field. The papers presented together with an introduction are organized in topical sections on tabular data protection, microdata protection, and software and user case studies.
An inference is the process of transforming unclassified data values into confidential data values. Most previous research in inference control has studied the use of statistical aggregates to deduce individual records. However, several other types of inference are also possible. Unknown functional dependencies may be apparent to users who have 'expert' knowledge about the characteristics of a population. Some correlations between attributes may be concluded from 'commonly-known' facts about the world. To counter these threats, security managers should use random sampling of databases of similar populations, as well as expert systems. 'Expert' users of the DATABASE SYSTEM may form inferences from the variable performance of the user interface. Users may observe on-line turn-around time, accounting statistics. the error message received, and the point at which an interactive protocol sequence fails. One may obtain information about the frequency distributions of attribute values, and the validity of data object names from this information. At the back-end of a database system, improved software engineering practices will reduce opportunities to bypass functional units of the database system. The term 'DATA OBJECT' should be expanded to incorporate these data object types which generate new classes of threats. The security of DATABASES and DATABASE SySTEMS must be recognized as separate but related problems. Thus, by increased awareness of lower level inferences, system security managers may effectively nullify the threat posed by lower level inferences.
Security is a major issue in every field and it impacts more when intruders get the information of an individual from the database either directly or indirectly. There are two approaches to break the confidentiality, either directly or indirectly. Here we study about different types of techniques which protect the confidentiality from indirect disclosure. These techniques are called Inference Control Techniques and also known as Statistical Disclosure Control methods. Indirect disclosure differs from the other security problems because in this presumptive intruders or external users deduce the information by set of available queries having low security risk i.e., they do computations on set of available information which is non sensitive and from that information they get the sensitive information. Inference control techniques protect the publicly released statistics of companies and institutions, such that presumptive user could not get any private information about any individual entity. Inference control in statistical databases is a part of information security which tries to prevent published statistical information (tables, individual records) from disclosing the contribution of specific respondents. Here we shall analyze about information loss, disclosure risk measures and performance of the various techniques. The major challenge to Statistical Disclosure Control is that modified data should be such that it provides more useful information with less disclosure risk i.e., protection should be maximized and information loss should be minimized. Since there is a trade-off between information loss and disclosure risk i.e., generally it happens that if disclosure risk is less then information loss will be more and vice versa. Here we propose some ideas which may provide optimal results.
Advances in hardware technology have increased the capability to store and record personal data. This has caused concerns that personal data may be abused. This book proposes a number of techniques to perform the data mining tasks in a privacy-preserving way. This edited volume contains surveys by distinguished researchers in the privacy field. Each survey includes the key research content as well as future research directions of a particular topic in privacy. The book is designed for researchers, professors, and advanced-level students in computer science, but is also suitable for practitioners in industry.
Expanded into two volumes, the Second Edition of Springer’s Encyclopedia of Cryptography and Security brings the latest and most comprehensive coverage of the topic: Definitive information on cryptography and information security from highly regarded researchers Effective tool for professionals in many fields and researchers of all levels Extensive resource with more than 700 contributions in Second Edition 5643 references, more than twice the number of references that appear in the First Edition With over 300 new entries, appearing in an A-Z format, the Encyclopedia of Cryptography and Security provides easy, intuitive access to information on all aspects of cryptography and security. As a critical enhancement to the First Edition’s base of 464 entries, the information in the Encyclopedia is relevant for researchers and professionals alike. Topics for this comprehensive reference were elected, written, and peer-reviewed by a pool of distinguished researchers in the field. The Second Edition’s editorial board now includes 34 scholars, which was expanded from 18 members in the First Edition. Representing the work of researchers from over 30 countries, the Encyclopedia is broad in scope, covering everything from authentication and identification to quantum cryptography and web security. The text’s practical style is instructional, yet fosters investigation. Each area presents concepts, designs, and specific implementations. The highly-structured essays in this work include synonyms, a definition and discussion of the topic, bibliographies, and links to related literature. Extensive cross-references to other entries within the Encyclopedia support efficient, user-friendly searches for immediate access to relevant information. Key concepts presented in the Encyclopedia of Cryptography and Security include: Authentication and identification; Block ciphers and stream ciphers; Computational issues; Copy protection; Cryptanalysis and security; Cryptographic protocols; Electronic payment and digital certificates; Elliptic curve cryptography; Factorization algorithms and primality tests; Hash functions and MACs; Historical systems; Identity-based cryptography; Implementation aspects for smart cards and standards; Key management; Multiparty computations like voting schemes; Public key cryptography; Quantum cryptography; Secret sharing schemes; Sequences; Web Security. Topics covered: Data Structures, Cryptography and Information Theory; Data Encryption; Coding and Information Theory; Appl.Mathematics/Computational Methods of Engineering; Applications of Mathematics; Complexity. This authoritative reference will be published in two formats: print and online. The online edition features hyperlinks to cross-references, in addition to significant research.
Privacy in statistical databases is about ?nding tradeo?s to the tension between the increasing societal and economical demand for accurate information and the legal and ethical obligation to protect the privacy of individuals and enterprises, which are the source of the statistical data. Statistical agencies cannot expect to collect accurate information from individual or corporate respondents unless these feel the privacy of their responses is guaranteed; also, recent surveys of Web users show that a majority of these are unwilling to provide data to a Web site unless they know that privacy protection measures are in place. “Privacy in Statistical Databases2004” (PSD2004) was the ?nal conference of the CASC project (“Computational Aspects of Statistical Con?dentiality”, IST-2000-25069). PSD2004 is in the style of the following conferences: “Stat- tical Data Protection”, held in Lisbon in 1998 and with proceedings published by the O?ce of O?cial Publications of the EC, and also the AMRADS project SDC Workshop, held in Luxemburg in 2001 and with proceedings published by Springer-Verlag, as LNCS Vol. 2316. The Program Committee accepted 29 papers out of 44 submissions from 15 di?erentcountriesonfourcontinents.Eachsubmittedpaperreceivedatleasttwo reviews. These proceedings contain the revised versions of the accepted papers. These papers cover the foundations and methods of tabular data protection, masking methods for the protection of individual data (microdata), synthetic data generation, disclosure risk analysis, and software/case studies.