[PDF] Impact Of Social Cognition On Neurobehavioural And Psychosocial Functioning Following A Severe Traumatic Brain Injury eBook

Author : Tom M. McMillan
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 38,33 MB
Release : 2013-11-12
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 1317774558

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Persisting neurobehavioural disability follows many forms of serious brain injury and acts as a major constraint on social independence. Rehabilitation services are often not organised in a way which addresses the needs of people with such disability, and relatively few professionals have experience in the clinical management of complex disability patterns which comprise the neurobehavioural syndrome. This book is a compilation of chapters, written by a group of clinicians with experience of post acute brain injury rehabilitation to ameliorate the social handicap experienced by a growing number of people who survive serious brain injury. The aim of the book is to describe the nature of neurobehavioural disability, how it translates into social handicap, and what can be done to address the problems generated by such handicap, through social and behavioural rehabilitation, vocational training, and family education. Consideration is also given to evaluating post-acute rehabilitation methods and selecting the most appropriate form of rehabilitation, both in terms of clinical and cost effectiveness. The book is aimed at clinical psychologists, psychiatrists and neurologists working in brain injury rehabilitation, plus all the rehabilitation disciplines, and social workers. The book will also be of interest to relatives of brain injured people who are seeking a better knowledge base in order to understand neurobehavioural disability. Additionally, the book should be helpful to the growing number of therapy care assistants, case managers, and support workers, responsible for the day to day care of brain injured people in the community.

Author : Skye McDonald
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 433 pages
File Size : 10,31 MB
Release : 2013-12-04
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 1136768645

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can seriously disrupt the social and communication skills that are basic requirements for everyday life. It is the loss of these interpersonal skills that can be the most devastating for people with TBI and their families. Although there are many books that focus upon TBI, none focus on communication and communication skills specifically. This book fills this important gap in the literature and provides information ranging from a broad overview of the nature of pathology following TBI and its effects on cognition and behaviour, through to the latest evidence about ways to assess and treat social and communication disorders. Much has changed in the field of communication disorders and TBI since the first edition of this book was published in 1999. There have been advances in neuroimaging, providing more accurate understanding of how the brain is damaged in TBI and also insights into its repair. There has been a burgeoning interest in social cognition, and advances in how communication is conceptualized, with a particular focus on the role of how context facilitates or impedes communicative ability. Most importantly, much has changed in the arena of rehabilitation. There is now a growing evidence base of treatments aimed at improving communication problems following TBI, new resources for accessing this information and renewed interest in different kinds of methods for demonstrating treatment effects. Bringing together a range of expert international researchers interested in understanding the nature and treatment of TBI this book covers topics from understanding how the brain damage occurs, how it affects social and communication skills and how these problems might be treated. As such it will be of great interest to clinicians, postgraduate and undergraduate students and researchers in neuropsychology, speech and language pathology.

Author : Jonathan James Mietchen
Publisher :
Page : 58 pages
File Size : 35,88 MB
Release : 2018
Category :
ISBN :

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Conclusions: Children and adolescents with a history of TBI demonstrated significant differences from their peers in social competence and broad psychosocial functioning following TBI. The severity of the injury is important in understanding and predicting social outcomes following pediatric TBI. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Author : Daniel Laskowitz
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 47,46 MB
Release : 2016-04-21
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1498766579

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the developme

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 215 pages
File Size : 35,88 MB
Release : 2014-02-04
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0309288037

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In the past decade, few subjects at the intersection of medicine and sports have generated as much public interest as sports-related concussions - especially among youth. Despite growing awareness of sports-related concussions and campaigns to educate athletes, coaches, physicians, and parents of young athletes about concussion recognition and management, confusion and controversy persist in many areas. Currently, diagnosis is based primarily on the symptoms reported by the individual rather than on objective diagnostic markers, and there is little empirical evidence for the optimal degree and duration of physical rest needed to promote recovery or the best timing and approach for returning to full physical activity. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth: Improving the Science, Changing the Culture reviews the science of sports-related concussions in youth from elementary school through young adulthood, as well as in military personnel and their dependents. This report recommends actions that can be taken by a range of audiences - including research funding agencies, legislatures, state and school superintendents and athletic directors, military organizations, and equipment manufacturers, as well as youth who participate in sports and their parents - to improve what is known about concussions and to reduce their occurrence. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth finds that while some studies provide useful information, much remains unknown about the extent of concussions in youth; how to diagnose, manage, and prevent concussions; and the short- and long-term consequences of concussions as well as repetitive head impacts that do not result in concussion symptoms. The culture of sports negatively influences athletes' self-reporting of concussion symptoms and their adherence to return-to-play guidance. Athletes, their teammates, and, in some cases, coaches and parents may not fully appreciate the health threats posed by concussions. Similarly, military recruits are immersed in a culture that includes devotion to duty and service before self, and the critical nature of concussions may often go unheeded. According to Sports-Related Concussions in Youth, if the youth sports community can adopt the belief that concussions are serious injuries and emphasize care for players with concussions until they are fully recovered, then the culture in which these athletes perform and compete will become much safer. Improving understanding of the extent, causes, effects, and prevention of sports-related concussions is vitally important for the health and well-being of youth athletes. The findings and recommendations in this report set a direction for research to reach this goal.

Author : Carolyn Telford
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 10,98 MB
Release : 2012
Category :
ISBN :

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Moral reasoning and emotion have consistently been linked in the literature; interactions between the two concepts are well-researched. Offenders have been studied in relation to moral reasoning as a population who have committed morally- or socially-deviant acts. The current review sought to understand how emotion and moral reasoning related to one another in this population; it also sought to understand whether this was linked to offending behaviours. A systematic search of four databases was conducted, resulting in seven papers which were reviewed in depth. Data were extracted from these, and studies were assessed for their quality. Empathy was a key area in the results, with mixed findings. Two studies found that poorer emotional empathy related to poor aspects of moral reasoning; two studies found no relationship. Impairments in emotional empathy, in psychopaths, only had an impact at a high threshold of impairment. Cognitive empathy and moral reasoning correlated in a positive linear relationship. Participants' own emotions also impacted upon their moral judgement; this was moderated by multiple factors. Offending was related to moral reasoning in adolescence, but not adulthood. Thus, in conclusion, emotion and moral reasoning had a complex relationship, with age moderating the relationship with delinquency. Future directions for research include more detailed exploration of these concepts, such as by examining empathy or psychopathy. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can have a wide range of consequences; previous studies have found a relationship between younger age at TBI and more severe cognitive consequences. Moral reasoning can be impaired by TBI; it also has a key transition between 'immature' and 'mature' reasoning in early adolescence. The current study aimed to investigate differences in adults' moral reasoning, depending upon whether a brain injury was sustained in middle-childhood (prior to development of mature moral reasoning) or adulthood. It was hypothesised that moral reasoning would differ between adult participants, according to age at TBI, moderated by affect during testing and intellectual functioning. Fourteen adult participants were recruited into two groups; childhood-TBI (n=5; aged 5-10 at injury) and adulthood-TBI (n=9; aged 25-53 at injury). One battery of tests was administered, including measures of moral reasoning, affect during testing and current intellectual functioning. Results were unreliable due to the small sample size; firm conclusions could not be drawn. However, preliminary results demonstrated group differences in moral reasoning; the childhood-TBI group demonstrated significantly less-mature moral reasoning. This was moderated by negative affect during testing and intellectual functioning, and negated when accounting for both variables. It was tentatively concluded that whilst further research was needed, age at injury may impact upon moral reasoning, moderated by impairments to intellectual functioning and negative affect. Implications of findings and areas for future research were discussed.

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 13,56 MB
Release : 2012-01-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0309218187

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) may affect 10 million people worldwide. It is considered the "signature wound" of the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. These injuries result from a bump or blow to the head, or from external forces that cause the brain to move within the head, such as whiplash or exposure to blasts. TBI can cause an array of physical and mental health concerns and is a growing problem, particularly among soldiers and veterans because of repeated exposure to violent environments. One form of treatment for TBI is cognitive rehabilitation therapy (CRT), a patient-specific, goal-oriented approach to help patients increase their ability to process and interpret information. The Department of Defense asked the IOM to conduct a study to determine the effectiveness of CRT for treatment of TBI.