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Author : David Malet
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 269 pages
File Size : 16,33 MB
Release : 2013-05-23
Category : History
ISBN : 0199939454
Foreign Fighters is the comprehensive study of foreign fighters examines patterns of recruitment using original data sets and detailed diverse case studies, and how recruiters use frames of existential threat to strengthen rebel groups.
Author : Susannah J. Ural
Publisher : NYU Press
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 20,26 MB
Release : 2010-11-22
Category : History
ISBN : 0814785719
At its core, the Civil War was a conflict over the meaning of citizenship. Most famously, it became a struggle over whether or not to grant rights to a group that stood outside the pale of civil-society: African Americans. But other groups--namely Jews, Germans, the Irish, and Native Americans--also became part of this struggle to exercise rights stripped from them by legislation, court rulings, and the prejudices that defined the age. Grounded in extensive research by experts in their respective fields, Civil War Citizens is the first volume to collectively analyze the wartime experiences of those who lived outside the dominant white, Anglo-Saxon Protestant citizenry of nineteenth-century America. The essays examine the momentous decisions made by these communities in the face of war, their desire for full citizenship, the complex loyalties that shaped their actions, and the inspiring and heartbreaking results of their choices-- choices that still echo through the United States today. Contributors: Stephen D. Engle, William McKee Evans, David T. Gleeson, Andrea Mehrländer, Joseph P. Reidy, Robert N. Rosen, and Susannah J. Ural.
Author : Eva Bernauer
Publisher : Springer
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 30,28 MB
Release : 2016-05-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 3658141522
Eva Bernauer predicts civil conflicts based upon the political exclusion of identity groups and their transnational links to external governments. The innovation lies in a simultaneous consideration of three identities – ethnicity, religion, and class-based ideology – thus extending previous studies with merely an ethnic focus. Most importantly, such a perspective implies a shift towards a society’s unique three-dimensional identity setup, upon which the excluded population and their transnational links can be determined. The author presents original data on the three-dimensional identity setup for 57 countries and introduces a formal model where rebel leaders strategically use identities to garner the support of the population. Key quantities of interest, such as the largest excluded subgroup or the number of identity links to external governments, are tested in several quantitative analyses as predictors for the onset of civil conflicts. The author shows that there is an added value of extending the mere ethnic perspective to also encompass religion and class-based ideology.
Author : Konstantin Ash
Publisher :
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 19,56 MB
Release : 2016
Category :
ISBN :
This dissertation project looks at how identity groups--groups that share either ethnic, religious or regional characteristics--make allegiance choices at the outbreak of civil conflict. Specifically, I examine whether these groups join the government, the initiating rebel group or pursue self-government. Breaking with much past work on rebel groups that assumes that rebel leaders are autonomous strategic actors, I argue that the choice of whether to ally with the government, the rebels, or neither, can be a function of a non-strategic process: collective resentment toward out-groups. While resentment begins as a top-down mechanism generated by group leaders for personal gain prior to conflict onset, it evolves into a bottom-up mechanism as it integrates into group identity by the time conflicts begin and shapes collective individual preferences against joining with certain conflict actors. My project tests this argument across several levels of analysis. First, a cross-national statistical analysis shows that groups exposed to either violence or repression are less likely to join with the perpetrator of those actions at conflict onset. Second, the survey experiment in Lebanon links exposure to political messaging to resentment toward either the government or another sectarian group and resentment to individual allegiance preferences. Finally, a case study of Syria during the onset of the current civil war in 2011 and interviews conducted in Arabic with Lebanese political leaders show that leaders' allegiance choices are shaped by the collective resentment of their identity group's members. Together, the results indicate that group allegiance at conflict onset is not an exclusively strategic process, with considerable implications for future conflict research.
Author : Florence Gaub
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 33,33 MB
Release : 2010-09-13
Category : History
ISBN : 1136896031
This book examines the role of multiethnic armies in post-conflict reconstruction, and demonstrates how they can promote peacebuilding efforts. The author challenges the assumption that multiethnic composition leads to weakness of the military, and shows how a multiethnic army is frequently the impetus for peacemaking in multiethnic societies. Three case studies (Nigeria, Lebanon and Bosnia-Herzegovina) determine that rather than external factors, it is the internal structures that make or break the military institution in a socially challenging environment. The book finds that where the political will is present, the multiethnic military can become a symbol of reconciliation and coexistence. Furthermore, it shows that the military as a professional identity can supersede ethnic considerations and thus facilitates cooperation within the armed forces despite a hostile post-conflict setting. In this, the book challenges widespread theories about ethnic identities and puts professional identities on an equal footing with them. The book will be of great interest to students of military studies, ethnic conflict, conflict studies and peacebuilding, and IR in general Florence Gaub is a Researcher and Lecturer at the NATO Defence College in Rome. She holds a PhD in International Politics from Humboldt University, Berlin.
Author : John F. McCauley
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 255 pages
File Size : 24,95 MB
Release : 2017-05-03
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1107175011
The book is aimed at students and scholars of conflict, Africa, ethnic politics, and religion. It may also appeal to religious and political leaders. It proposes a new perspective on how ethnicity and religion shape political outcomes and violence in Africa, adding psychological elements to standard political science arguments.
Author : Cristina Alsina Rísquez
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 29,41 MB
Release : 2014-06-02
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1443860697
A fierce national outcry for righteously waging war has long dominated American culture. From at least the wildly popular Spanish-American War and the US military invasion of the Philippines that infuriated Mark Twain, right up to the current Global War on Terrorism, this is a deadly, dark current coursing throughout American history. Meanwhile, dissenting analyses of the “patriotic gore” have until recently been paid scant attention in the popular media. Delving into this history, this probing collection of essays explores ways in which “the compulsive redeployment of innocence” in the launching, cheering, and retelling of America’s wars “endlessly defers a national reckoning,” as the editors astutely state in their introduction. The works in this collection reflect an effort to add more voices where they are desperately needed.
Author : Stathis N. Kalyvas
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 20 pages
File Size : 27,89 MB
Release : 2006-05-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 113945692X
By analytically decoupling war and violence, this book explores the causes and dynamics of violence in civil war. Against the prevailing view that such violence is an instance of impenetrable madness, the book demonstrates that there is logic to it and that it has much less to do with collective emotions, ideologies, and cultures than currently believed. Kalyvas specifies a novel theory of selective violence: it is jointly produced by political actors seeking information and individual civilians trying to avoid the worst but also grabbing what opportunities their predicament affords them. Violence, he finds, is never a simple reflection of the optimal strategy of its users; its profoundly interactive character defeats simple maximization logics while producing surprising outcomes, such as relative nonviolence in the 'frontlines' of civil war.
Author : Elisabeth King
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 20,25 MB
Release : 2020
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0197509452
"When considering strategies to address violent conflict, an enduring debate concerns the wisdom of recognizing versus avoiding reference to ethnic identities. This book asks: Under what conditions do governments manage internal violent conflicts by formally recognizing different ethnic identities? And, moreover, what are the implications for peace? Introducing the concept of "ethnic recognition", and building on a theory rooted in ethnic power configurations, the book examines the merits, risks, and trade-offs of publicly recognizing ethnic groups in state institutions as compared to not doing so, on sought-after outcomes such as political inclusiveness, the decline of political violence, economic vitality, and the improvement of democracy. It draws on both global cross-national quantitative analysis of post-conflict constitutions, settlements, and institutions since 1990, as well as in-depth qualitative case studies of Burundi, Rwanda, and Ethiopia. Findings show that recognition is adopted about forty percent of the time and is much more likely when the leader is from the largest ethnic group, as opposed to an ethnic minority. Moreover, all else equal, recognition promotes peace better than non-recognition under plurality leadership. Under minority leadership, peace outcomes are neither better nor worse. These findings should be of great interest to social scientists studying peace, democracy, and development, and of practical relevance to policy makers attempting to make these concepts a reality around the world"--
Author : Fotini Christia
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 361 pages
File Size : 47,50 MB
Release : 2012-11-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1139851756
Some of the most brutal and long-lasting civil wars of our time involve the rapid formation and disintegration of alliances among warring groups, as well as fractionalization within them. It would be natural to suppose that warring groups form alliances based on shared identity considerations - such as Christian groups allying with Christian groups - but this is not what we see. Two groups that identify themselves as bitter foes one day, on the basis of some identity narrative, might be allies the next day and vice versa. Nor is any group, however homogeneous, safe from internal fractionalization. Rather, looking closely at the civil wars in Afghanistan and Bosnia and testing against the broader universe of fifty-three cases of multiparty civil wars, Fotini Christia finds that the relative power distribution between and within various warring groups is the primary driving force behind alliance formation, alliance changes, group splits and internal group takeovers.