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Author : John Bauer
Publisher :
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 42,87 MB
Release : 1990
Category : Labor supply
ISBN :
Author : Asian Development Bank
Publisher : Asian Development Bank
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 17,55 MB
Release : 2017-08-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9292579002
The People's Republic of China (PRC) has made advances in narrowing gender gaps in its labor market. It has one of the highest female labor force participation rates in Asia and the Pacific at around 64% in 2013, and one of the narrowest earnings gender gaps. This study investigates how women are faring in the transition to the PRC's new growth model, and what can be done to promote women's participation. It shows how the PRC is undergoing multiple transitions that have implications for gender equality and work. For example, during the market transition, gender wage gaps and gender wage discrimination increased, reaching 33% in urban areas and 44% in rural areas. Find out how evidenced-based gender analysis can foster gender responsive policy approaches to promote women's equality in the labor market.
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 27 pages
File Size : 41,90 MB
Release : 2021-05-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1513573772
This paper examines gender inequality in the context of structural transformation and rebalancing in China. We document declining women's relative wages and labor force participation in China during the last two decades, despite rapid growth and expansion of the service sector. Using household data, we provide evidence consistent with a U-shaped relationship between economic development and women's labor market outcomes. Using a model of structural transformation, we show that labor market barriers for women have increased over time. Model counterfactuals suggest that removing these barriers and increasing service sector productivity can boost both gender equality and economic growth in China.
Author : Gina Lai
Publisher :
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 39,44 MB
Release : 1991
Category : Sex discrimination in employment
ISBN :
Author : Jieyu Liu
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 193 pages
File Size : 33,60 MB
Release : 2007-03-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1134164750
Drawing upon extensive life history interviews, this book makes the voices of ordinary women workers heard and applies feminist perspectives on women and work to the Chinese situation.
Author : Lijuan Wu
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 147 pages
File Size : 36,83 MB
Release : 2014-05-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9814579262
The book investigates the impact of the market-oriented economic reform in China on a unique aspect of the labor market outcomes — individuals' access to different employment sectors, that is, the state and collective sector, the private sector, and the sector of family contract farming in the 1990s. Using the longitudinal data of China Health and Nutrition Survey, the author finds that the access to different employment sectors is not equally distributed among Chinese workers during the market transition. And the hierarchy of employment sectors is reproduced through the procedure that assorts individual workers to different employment sectors. In addition to achieved characteristics such as human capital, ascribed characteristics such as family background and gender are important factors in understanding the procedure of social stratification in the reform era. The book will be of value to social scientists interested in the market transition of socialist societies in general and the social transformation of contemporary China in particular.
Author : Yao Tang
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 27,93 MB
Release : 2016-02-29
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1443889563
During China’s “socio-economic transition period”, stretching from 1978 to the present day, the nation’s social structure underwent enormous changes. The economic restructuring from a centrally-planned economy to a market-oriented one, combined with the retreat of the state administrative sphere from the labour market, gradually transformed the mechanisms of resource allocation. This has given rise to enlarging gaps between different social groups, which have led to an escalation in tensions between the higher and the lower social strata. In addition, the situation of Chinese women has also changed, with those in contemporary China in a quite different position from their “pre-communist”, “traditional” counterparts. Over recent decades, more equalitarian policies have made a great deal of difference, not only to women’s self-identification, but also to their social milieu. However, the female employment rate has gradually declined since the economic reforms began, meaning this period has had a major impact on the social status and conditions of Chinese women. These social transformations and differences between the genders have provided an unusual opportunity for scholars and researchers who are interested in social change. As such, this book examines the social structure of contemporary China, exploring how resources are distributed among the different social strata, and how these strata have transformed with the economic reforms and development. In addition, it also investigates the current socio-economic circumstances of Chinese women, especially since many female workers were laid off (xiagang) by state owned enterprises (SOEs) and collectively owned enterprises (COEs) during the “industrial restructuring”. In confronting an ever more competitive market environment, has the situation of women degraded or progressed? Do all women face a similar situation, or are there discrepancies that exist amongst them? What are the factors contributing to these divisions? In discussing these questions, this book allows readers to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the current Chinese social structure, and how it has transformed, as well as its influence on gender differentiation.
Author : Xinxin Ma
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 190 pages
File Size : 31,16 MB
Release : 2021-05-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9813369043
This open access book investigates female employment and the gender gap in the labor market and households during China’s economic transition period. It provides the reader with academic evidence for understanding the mechanism of female labor force participation, the determinants of the gender gap in the labor market, and the impact of policy transformation on women’s wages and employment in China from an economics perspective. The main content of this book includes three parts―women’s family responsibilities and women’s labor supply (child care, parent care, and women’s employment), the gender gap in the labor market and society (gender gaps in wages, Communist Party membership, and participation in social activity), and the impacts of policy transformation on women’s wages and employment (the social security system and the educational expansion policy on women’s wages and employment) in China. This book provides academic evidence about these issues based on economics theories and econometric analysis methods using many kinds of long-term Chinese national survey data. This book is highly recommended to readers who are interested in up-to-date and in-depth empirical studies of the gender gap and women’s employment in China during the economic transition period. This book is of interest to various groups such as readers who are interested in the Chinese economy, policymakers, and scholars with econometric analysis backgrounds.
Author : Barbara Entwisle
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 366 pages
File Size : 46,5 MB
Release : 2000-11-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780520220911
The essays in this volume explore various aspects of work in China, including the nature of work, gender inequalities in work, gender and work in the context of migration, and the reciprocal influences of households and work organization.
Author : Martin K. Whyte
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 462 pages
File Size : 41,37 MB
Release : 2010-02-25
Category : History
ISBN : 9780674036307
"A collection of essays that analyzes China's foremost social cleavage: the rural-urban gap. It examines the historical background of rural-urban relations; the size and trend in the income gap between rural and urban residents; aspects of inequality apart from income; and, experiences of discrimination, particularly among urban migrants." -- BOOK PUBLISHER WEBSITE.