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A computer simulation model, FARSITE, includes existing fire behavior models for surface, crown, spotting, point-source fire acceleration, and fuel moisture. The model's components and assumptions are documented. Simulations were run for simple conditions that illustrate the effect of individual fire behavior models on two-dimensional fire growth.
This paper reports on the structure of a fire growth simulation model, FARSITE, and its performance under simplified test conditions. FARSITE incorporates existing models of surface fire, crown fire, point-source fire acceleration, spotting, and fuel moisture. This documentation of how the simulation was constructed, and how the individual fire behavior models perform, will be useful to researchers and managers who use FARSITE or are interested in fire growth simulation. The models were integrated using a vector propagation technique for fire perimeter expansion that controls for both space and time resolution of fire growth over the landscape. The model produces vector fire perimeters (polygons) at specified time intervals. The vertices of these polygons contain information on the fire's spread rate and intensity, which are interpolated to produce raster maps of fire behavior. Because fire behavior at each vertex is assumed independent of the others, the simulation outputs illustrate the strict spatial consequences to fire behavior of incorporating the models into a two-dimensional simulation. Simplified test conditions show that surface fire growth and intensity conform to idealized patterns. Similarities also exist between simulated crown fires and observed patterns of extreme wind-driven fires. Complex patterns of fire growth and behavior result from the spatial and temporal dependencies in the model. The limitations and assumptions of this approach are discussed.
A computer simulation model, FARSITE, includes existing fire behavior models for surface, crown, spotting, point-source fire acceleration, and fuel moisture. The model's components and assumptions are documented. Simulations were run for simple conditions that illustrate the effect of individual fire behavior models on two-dimensional fire growth.
Fuel and vegetation spatial data layers required by the spatially explicit fire growth model FARSITE were developed for all langs in and around the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness Area in Idaho and Montana. Satellite imagery and terrain modeling were used to create the three base vegetation spatial data layers of potential vegetation, cover type, and structural stage. Fire behavior fuel models and crown characteristics were assigned to combinations of base layer categories on these maps by local fire managers, ecologists, and existing data. FARSITE fuels maps are used to simulate growth of prescribed natural fires in the wilderness area, aiding managers in the planning and allocation of resources. An extensive accuracy assessment of all maps indicated fuels layers are about 60 percent accurate. This methodology was designed to be replicated for other areas.
Fuel and vegetation spatial data layers required by the spatially explicit fire growth model FARSITE were developed for all langs in and around the Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness Area in Idaho and Montana. Satellite imagery and terrain modeling were used to create the three base vegetation spatial data layers of potential vegetation, cover type, and structural stage. Fire behavior fuel models and crown characteristics were assigned to combinations of base layer categories on these maps by local fire managers, ecologists, and existing data. FARSITE fuels maps are used to simulate growth of prescribed natural fires in the wilderness area, aiding managers in the planning and allocation of resources. An extensive accuracy assessment of all maps indicated fuels layers are about 60 percent accurate. This methodology was designed to be replicated for other areas.