[PDF] Cholesterol Binding And Cholesterol Transport Proteins eBook

Author : J. Robin Harris
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 641 pages
File Size : 27,16 MB
Release : 2010-03-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9048186226

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Knowledge of cholesterol and its interaction with protein molecules is of fundamental importance in both animal and human biology. This book contains 22 chapters, dealing in depth with structural and functional aspects of the currently known and extremely diverse unrelated families of cholesterol-binding and cholesterol transport proteins. By drawing together this range of topics the Editor has attempted to correlate this broad field of study for the first time. Technical aspects are given considerable emphasis, particularly in relation cholesterol reporter molecules and to the isolation and study of membrane cholesterol- and sphingomyelin-rich "raft" domains. Cell biological, biochemical and clinical topics are included in this book, which serve to emphasize the acknowledged and important benefits to be gained from the study of cholesterol and cholesterol-binding proteins within the biomedical sciences and the involvement of cholesterol in several clinical disorders. It is hoped that by presenting this topic in this integrated manner that an appreciation of the fact that there is much more that needs to be taken into account, studied and understood than the widely discussed "bad and good cholesterol" associated, respectively, with the low- and high-density lipoproteins, LDL and HDL.

Author : Barbara J. Clark
Publisher : Springer
Page : 197 pages
File Size : 33,27 MB
Release : 2014-07-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1493911120

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Non-vesicular intracellular cholesterol transport is an important mechanism for maintaining membrane cholesterol homeostasis. Recent reports of studies directed at soluble cholesterol transport proteins indicate that aberrant expression of the START proteins may contribute to disease states associated with disorders in cholesterol homeostasis. This is an exciting new direction in the field and the purpose of this book will be to highlight the current research directed at potential roles for the START family in diabetes, cancer and atherogenesis. This book also provides a personal and historical perspective of the discovery-to-publication journey that the authors had for their particular START domain family member. The goal will be to provide perspectives to graduate students, post-doctoral fellows and endocrinology fellows on the research discovery process.

Author : T.Y. Chang
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 14,73 MB
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 1461551137

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INTRODUCTION AND RATIONALE FOR INTRACELLULAR CHOLESTEROL TRAFFICKING This volume is an elaboration of an earlier small meeting held in St. Louis, Missouri. In April 1997, many of the authors met for a two-day meeting devoted entirely to intracellular cholesterol trafficking. The rationale for this meeting was that investigators interested in this topic worked in a variety of fields, and rarely, if ever, all met together. Everybody knew each other's papers but mostly worked in isolation from one another. Understanding of cholesterol trafficking also appeared to have reached the point where it would start to rapidly expand beyond these few laboratories. Understanding of cholesterol trafficking was moving from a largely descriptive science into the molecular age. It seemed a good time to get together and see how much we agreed upon up to this point. More authors contributed to this volume than attended the St. Louis meeting. That meeting was generously funded by grants from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck and Company and Parke-Davis, however, the total funding available limited the size of the meeting. For the book, we are not so limited and have tried to be as inclusive as possible and pretty much invited everyone who is presently active in this area. We were quite fortunate to successfully recruit the authors we sought for each of these chapters. The authors and their contributions can be organized by particular interests and particular areas of expertise.

Author : Avia Rosenhouse-Dantsker
Publisher : Springer
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 31,32 MB
Release : 2019-05-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 3030142655

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In this book, renowned scientists describe how cholesterol interacts with various proteins. Recent progress made in the high-resolution visualization of cholesterol-protein interactions using crystallography and cryogenic electron microscopy has substantially advanced the knowledge of critical features. These features enable specific recognition of the cholesterol molecule by proteins, a process that was built on earlier studies using binding assays, computational modeling and site-directed mutagenesis. Direct Mechanisms in Cholesterol Modulation of Protein Function offers comprehensive insights into the current understanding of cholesterol-driven modulation of protein function via direct sensing. Its nine chapters are organized into two distinct parts. In the first part, the chapters introduce the reader to the general characteristics of cholesterol binding sites in proteins. This part starts with a tour into common cholesterol recognition motifs, followed by an overview of the major classes of steroid-binding proteins. It then continues with two chapters that present a comprehensive analysis of molecular and structural characteristics of cholesterol binding sites in transmembrane and soluble protein domains. In the second part of the book, examples of cholesterol binding sites and consequences of specific cholesterol recognition for protein function are presented for G protein-coupled receptors, ion channels and cholesterol-transporting proteins. The book is valuable for undergraduate and graduate students in biochemistry and nutrition, as well as basic science and medical researchers with a keen interest in the biophysical properties of cholesterol and physiological consequences of cholesterol presence in biological systems.

Author : Arnold von Eckardstein
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 17,13 MB
Release : 2015-01-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319096643

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In this Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology on “High Density Lipoproteins – from biological understanding to clinical exploitation” contributing authors (members of COST Action BM0904/HDLnet) summarize in more than 20 chapters our current knowledge on the structure, function, metabolism and regulation of HDL in health and several diseases as well as the status of past and ongoing attempts of therapeutic exploitation. The book is of interest to researchers in academia and industry focusing on lipoprotein metabolism, cardiovascular diseases and immunology as well as clinical pharmacologists, cardiologists, diabetologists, nephrologists and other clinicians interested in metabolic or inflammatory diseases.

Author : Mitsuo Tagaya
Publisher : Springer
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 23,62 MB
Release : 2017-08-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9811045674

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This book provides the first comprehensive coverage of the quickly evolving research field of membrane contact sites (MCS). A total of 16 chapters explain their organization and role and unveil the significance of MCS for various diseases. MCS, the intracellular structures where organellar membranes come in close contact with one another, mediate the exchange of proteins, lipids, and ions. Via these functions, MCS are critical for the survival and the growth of the cell. Owing to that central role in the functioning of cells, MCS dysfunctions lead to important defects of human physiology, influence viral and bacterial infection, and cause disease such as inflammation, type II diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. To approach such a multifaceted topic, this volume assembles a series of chapters dealing with the full array of research about MCS and their respective roles for diseases. Most chapters also introduce the history and the state of the art of MCS research, which will initiate discussion points for the respective types of MCS for years to come. This work will appeal to all cell biologists as well as researchers on diseases that are impacted by MCS dysfunction. Additionally, it will stimulate graduate students and postdocs who will energize, drive, and develop the research field in the near future.

Author : Armin Steinmetz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 27,57 MB
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3642836658

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A number of clinical and epidemiological studies have shown that disorders of lipoprotein metabolism constitute one of the most important risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. This volume examines the state of the art of lipoprotein subclass metabolism and its relation to these diseases. The authors also report on new developments concerning the role of lipoprotein recptors, macrophages and apolipoprotein E polymorphism in cholesterol homeostasis. The combination of general outline form and very specific aspects of cholesterol transport will interest those in other disciplines following developments in the field, as well as those directly involved in lipoprotein research.

Author : Jaspreet Singh Sandhu
Publisher :
Page : 112 pages
File Size : 29,41 MB
Release : 2018
Category :
ISBN :

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Individual cells maintain tight control over their cholesterol content and its intracellular distribution. Abnormal cholesterol accumulation is cytotoxic and promotes coronary artery disease. How cholesterol is synthesized and exchanged between cells was elucidated in the past century. However, cholesterol transport between intracellular membranes is poorly understood. Most cellular cholesterol is found at the plasma membrane (PM), yet the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is key for cholesterol sensing, biosynthesis, and storage. The pathway between cholesterol deposition at the plasma membrane and its subsequent transport to the ER represents a major gap in our understanding. We sought to address this by using genome-wide screens to identify novel target genes of the cholesterol-responsive transcription factor LXR. We discovered Gramd1b as ai previously uncharacterized LXR target gene. Through bioinformatic analyses we determined that Gramd1b has two paralogs, Gramd1a and Gramd1c, that together encode a family of GRAM domain containing proteins. Secondary structural analyses of this family revealed remarkable similarity to StAR-family proteins despite little primary sequence conservation. We named the Gramd1a-c protein products as the Aster (Greek, aster for "star") proteins. Through binding experiments and x-ray crystallography we determine the Aster proteins contain a unique cholesterol-binding ASTER domain. Next, we used live cell super-resolution microscopy and determined that the Aster proteins are tethered to the ER by a single pass transmembrane domain. Remarkably, cholesterol loading of the plasma membrane results in the dynamic recruitment of Aster-A, -B, and -C to ER-PM contact sites. The N-terminal GRAM domain showed high affinity for phosphatidylserine in binding experiments and mediates cholesterol-dependent Aster recruitment to the PM. To determine the biological role of Aster proteins we knocked down Aster-A in cells and generated Aster-B knockout mice. Cells lacking Aster-A have slowed PM to ER cholesterol transport. Mice lacking Aster-B are deficient in adrenal cholesterol ester storage and steroidogenesis due to defective cholesterol transport from SR-BI to the ER. Our findings identify a nonvesicular pathway for plasma membrane to ER cholesterol transport that is critical in cellular uptake of HDL-derived cholesterol.

Author : Ingrid C. Gelissen
Publisher : Humana
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 46,6 MB
Release : 2017-02-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781493968732

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This volume provides state-of-the-art techniques for studying various aspects of cholesterol homeostasis, including its uptake, synthesis and efflux from the cell, as well as its trafficking within the cell. Chapters also cover techniques for studying the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels, as well as studying the membrane topology and structure of cholesterol-related proteins. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Cholesterol Homeostasis: Methods and Protocols aims to provide key techniques in tackling the investigation of cholesterol homeostasis.