[PDF] Applied Science And Technological Progress eBook

Author : Donald E. Stokes
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 28,85 MB
Release : 2011-03-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780815719076

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Over fifty years ago, Vannevar Bush released his enormously influential report, Science, the Endless Frontier, which asserted a dichotomy between basic and applied science. This view was at the core of the compact between government and science that led to the golden age of scientific research after World War II—a compact that is currently under severe stress. In this book, Donald Stokes challenges Bush's view and maintains that we can only rebuild the relationship between government and the scientific community when we understand what is wrong with that view. Stokes begins with an analysis of the goals of understanding and use in scientific research. He recasts the widely accepted view of the tension between understanding and use, citing as a model case the fundamental yet use-inspired studies by which Louis Pasteur laid the foundations of microbiology a century ago. Pasteur worked in the era of the "second industrial revolution," when the relationship between basic science and technological change assumed its modern form. Over subsequent decades, technology has been increasingly science-based. But science has been increasingly technology-based--with the choice of problems and the conduct of research often inspired by societal needs. An example is the work of the quantum-effects physicists who are probing the phenomena revealed by the miniaturization of semiconductors from the time of the transistor's discovery after World War II. On this revised, interactive view of science and technology, Stokes builds a convincing case that by recognizing the importance of use-inspired basic research we can frame a new compact between science and government. His conclusions have major implications for both the scientific and policy communities and will be of great interest to those in the broader public who are troubled by the current role of basic science in American democracy.

Author : Pei Long Xu
Publisher : Trans Tech Publications Ltd
Page : 5154 pages
File Size : 36,77 MB
Release : 2014-05-23
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 3038264806

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Collection of selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2014 International Conference on Materials Science and Computational Engineering (ICMSCE 2014), May 20-21, 2014, Qingdao, China. The 1116 papers are grouped as follows: I. Material Science, Chemical Engineering and Technologies, II. Electric material and Electronic Devices, III. Construction Materials, Architecture Science and Civil Engineering, IV. Industrial, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, V. Power Engineering and Energy Supply, VI. Biological Engineering and Food Science, VII. Medicine and Health Engineering, VIII. Products Design and Simulation, Intelligent and Control Systems, IX. Signal Processing and Computer Aided Modeling and Design, X. Communications and Information Technology Applications, XI. Computational Science Technology, Algorithms, XII. Management, Economics, Business, Logistics and Engineering Management, XIII. Environmental Engineering and Resource Development, XIV. New Technologies in Engineering Education and Teaching

Author : P. Kroes
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 20,95 MB
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : History
ISBN : 9401580103

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Historians and philosophers of technology are searching for new approaches to the study of the interaction between science and technology. New conceptual frameworks are necessary since the idea that technology is simply applied science is nothing short of a myth. The papers contained in this volume deal primarily with cognitive and social aspects of the science-technology issue. One of the most salient features of these papers is that they show a major methodological shift in studying the interaction between science and technology. Discussions of the science-technology issue have long been dominated by the demarcartion problem and related semantic issues about the notions `science' and `technology', and the `technology is applied science' thesis. Instead of general `global' interpretation schemes and models of the interaction between science and technology, detailed empirical case studies of cognitive and institutional connections between `science' and `technology' constitute the hard core of this book. The book will be of interest to philosophers of science, historians and philosophers of technology and science and sociologists of science.

Author : David Kaldewey
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 21,14 MB
Release : 2018-04-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 178533901X

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The distinction between basic and applied research was central to twentieth-century science and policymaking, and if this framework has been contested in recent years, it nonetheless remains ubiquitous in both scientific and public discourse. Employing a transnational, diachronic perspective informed by historical semantics, this volume traces the conceptual history of the basic–applied distinction from the nineteenth century to today, taking stock of European developments alongside comparative case studies from the United States and China. It shows how an older dichotomy of pure and applied science was reconceived in response to rapid scientific progress and then further transformed by the geopolitical circumstances of the postwar era.

Author : Jon Sigurdson
Publisher : Pergamon
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 39,88 MB
Release : 1980
Category : Science
ISBN :

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Monograph reviewing trends in technological change and science policy in China - describes research and development, organization of research, education and training, in context with environmental protection, mass science, electronics and related aspects of new technology, and includes a directory of research centres. Bibliography pp. 159 to 166, diagrams, graphs, maps, photographs and statistical tables.