[PDF] Alternative Orchard Floor Management Practices Soil Quality Nitrogen Fertilizer Uptake And Apple Tree Growth And Yield eBook
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Compost increased SOM content at both LB and HR. Compost also had the most consistent effect on other soil properties and soil respiration. Amendment did not affect the % N in the trees, but vetch/barley amendment increased % NDFF at HR and fertilizer uptake efficiency (FUE) at LB. % NDFF and FUE were low in compost amended plots. Trees in compost acquired N from sources other than fertilizer.
The book presents an overview of the International practices and state-of-the-art of LCA studies in the agri-food sector, both in terms of adopted methodologies and application to particular products; the final purpose is to characterise and put order within the methodological issues connected to some important agri-food products (wine, olive oil, cereals and derived products, meat and fruit) and also defining practical guidelines for the implementation of LCAs in this particular sector. The first chapter entails an overview of the application of LCA to the food sector, the role of the different actors of the food supply chain and the methodological issues at a general level. The other chapters, each with a particular reference to the main foods of the five sectors under study, have a common structure which entails the review of LCA case studies of such agri-food products, the methodological issues, the ways with which they have been faced and the suggestion of practical guidelines.
Mineral Nutrition of Fruit Trees summarizes the state of knowledge about the mineral nutrition of fruit trees, including peach and apple trees. The discussions are organized around six themes: fruit tree mineral nutrition and crop quality; uptake and transport; effect of soil management and fertilizer applications on nutrient uptake; direct application of nutrients to foliage and fruits; prediction of nutrient requirements; and synthesis. This text consists of 69 chapters and begins with a section dealing with the effects of nutrition on fruit quality. The second section explores the mechanisms of nutrient entry to, and movement within, fruit trees and the means of influencing the nutrition of both the whole tree and the crop by fertilizers and management practices, including irrigation and the use of herbicides. The third section describes methods for predicting the needs of the tree for establishment, growth, and fruit quality. The effects of interactions between nutrition and environment on the mineral composition of fruits are considered, along with an integrated approach to orchard nutrition and bitter pit control, the influence of boron deficiency on fruit quality, and calcium accumulation in apple fruit. This book will be of interest to scientists working in fields such as biochemistry, food technology, agriculture, horticulture, and physiology.
PUBLIC ABSTRACT: Managing fruit orchards involves both the management of the orchard trees, and the orchard floor. Orchard floor management is vital to tree health, yield and fruit quality. Current standard management practices include maintaining a vegetation free tree row and a grass-covered alleyway. This system effectively controls weeds and creates a favorable environment for the fruit trees. However, limitations to standard orchard floor practices are that the grass alleyway provides no nutrient benefit, and current practices do not readily lend themselves to organic management. Alternative in-row and alleyway systems are requisite to creating improved orchard floor management systems. Three different approaches were used to investigate alternative orchard floor management strategies, including: alternative in-row weed control with combinations of mulch and organic herbicides, alternative alleyway management with legume cover crops, and combinations of in-row and alleyway alternative strategies. The best organic in-row weed control was accomplished with combinations of straw and acetic acid (vinegar). However, this management approach was not economically viable at current costs of labor and supplies, and current fruit prices. The alternative alleyway treatments of alfalfa and alfalfa clover contributed the most above-ground biomass and nitrogen, but consumed 45% more water than the conventional grass alleyway. Among in-row and alleyway alternative combinations, treatments that experienced the most competition from weeds resulted in lower yields. Commercial orchard managers in the Intermountain West need information on optimum orchard floor management for their unique environment. Results from these studies were integrated into a series of grower recommendations that are contained in Chapter 5. Alternative orchard floor management strategies that improve orchard sustainability provide immediate benefits to fruit industry employees and businesses. Long-term benefits will also impact fruit consumers as well as urban and sub-urban neighbors that share the environment.
This award-winning publication gives the most in-depth information available on nitrogen fertilization of walnut orchards. Discusses the variables that make nitrogen management of each orchard a unique challenge; and provides the tools that let you manage your orchard efficiently and economically. Chapters discuss concepts of fertilization, nitrogen budgeting, choosing and using nitrogen fertilizers, and fertilizing young trees.
**The Apple Grower's Handbook A Comprehensive Guide to Successful Apple Orcharding** Unlock the secrets to cultivating a thriving apple orchard with "The Apple Grower's Handbook," your definitive guide to mastering the art and science of apple cultivation. Whether you're a budding orchardist or an experienced grower, this ebook provides detailed, step-by-step insights into every aspect of apple growing. Begin your journey with an exploration of the history of apple orcharding and discover the myriad benefits of growing your own apples. Learn about key cultivars suited for different climates and unveil the nuances of soil types, pH levels, and optimal site selection to set a strong foundation for your orchard. Dive deep into the world of apple rootstocks and their crucial influence on tree size and yield. Understand the importance of choosing the right apple tree varieties, from heirloom classics to disease-resistant modern cultivars, tailored for fresh consumption, cider making, or cooking. Design your orchard with precision, focusing on tree spacing, pollination efficiency, and effective irrigation planning. Gain practical knowledge on planting techniques, early care for young apple trees, and crucial pruning strategies for both young and mature trees to ensure optimal health and productivity. Fuel your trees with the right nutrition by mastering fertilization techniques and soil amendments. Protect your orchard with comprehensive pest and disease management strategies, integrating organic and chemical methods for effective control. Discover the best watering strategies and preparation techniques to withstand drought conditions. Expand your expertise with advanced skills such as grafting and propagation, and delve into the art of thinning and managing fruit set. When harvest time arrives, learn the best techniques for picking and handling, ensuring your apples are of the highest quality as they reach storage and preservation stages. Navigate the commercial side of apple growing with insights into direct marketing, selling at farmers' markets, and establishing wholesale relationships. Explore the exciting realm of value-added products including cider, baked goods, and preserves, adding another dimension to your apple growing venture. Commit to sustainable and organic practices, understanding the certification process and eco-friendly methods for pest and disease control. Overcome common challenges with practical troubleshooting tips for nutrient deficiencies, extreme weather, and wildlife management. Finally, stay ahead of the curve with a glimpse into the future of apple cultivation, and learn about the latest advances in breeding, climate adaptation, and technology innovation. Transform your passion into a fruitful reality with "The Apple Grower's Handbook," your essential guide to successful apple orcharding. Take the first step towards becoming a master apple grower today!